脑功能损害危重患儿经颅多普勒超声监测的临床研究

目的 应用经颅多普勒超声(transcranial Doppler ultrasonography,TCD)观察脑功能损害患儿脑血流动力学变化,探讨TCD在监测与评估脑损害患儿预后中的价值.方法 以大脑中动脉为靶血管,检测脑功能损害组20例及无脑损害组(对照组)20例患儿的脑血流动力学参数[收缩期峰流速(Vs)、平均血流速度(Vm)、舒张期流速(Vd)、搏动指数(PI)、阻力指数(RI),对比两组患儿各参数间的差异.脑功能损害组患儿按Glasgow评分、预后再分组,比较不同Glasgow评分(≤6分组和7~13分组)、不同预后患儿的TCD各参数的差异.每日动态监测脑功能损害组患儿的TCD直至TCD参数正常,将TCD参数达正常时间与Glasgow评分、意识障碍持续时间进行相关分析.对比脑功能损害组不同Glasgow评分、不同预后患儿TCD达正常时间的差异.结果 (1)脑功能损害组大脑中动脉的Vs、PI、RI均较对照组高,Vd较对照组低,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05).(2)脑功能损害组Glasgow评分≤6分患儿的PI(0.91±0.21)高于Glasgow评分7~13分患儿(0.83±0.14),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而Vs、Vd、RI两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05).脑功能损害组不同预后患儿间的大脑中动脉血流动力学各参数比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05).(3)脑功能损害组患儿TCD参数达正常时间与入院当日Glasgow评分呈负相关(r=-0.653,P<0.01);TCD参数达正常时间与意识障碍持续时间呈正相关(r=0.923,P<0.01).不同Glasgow评分、不同预后患儿的TCD参数达正常时间差异均有统计学意义,Glasgow评分≤6分、预后差患儿的TCD达正常时间更长(P均<0.05).结论 脑功能损害患儿的脑血流动力学异常,脑损害程度越重者,PI越高,TCD参数恢复正常的时间越长;动态监测TCD可反映脑血流变化,对评估病情和预后有一定价值.

Clinical study of monitoring of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography to seriously illed children with cerebral dysfunction

Objective To investigate the application value of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography(TCD) in critically ill children with cerebral dysfunction.Methods We detected the cerebral blood flow parameters[systolic velocity(Vs),mean velocity(Vm),end of diastolic velocity(Vd),pulsatility index(PI),resistance index(RI)] of middle cerebral artery in cerebral dysfunction group(n=20) and control group(no cerebral dysfunction,n=20),and observed the differences of those parameters between two groups.Children in cerebral dysfunction group were also divided into groups according to Glasgow Coma Score(GCS) and prognosis.The differences of each TCD parameter in diverse groups divided by GCS and by prognosis were analysed.Children in cerebral dysfunction group were checked TCD everyday until TCD parameters were normal.The relation between the days of TCD parameters′ reaching normal and GCS,duration of disorder of consciousness with correlation analysis were analysed.Results Vs,PI,RI in cerebral dysfunction group were higher than those in control group,while Vd was lower (P<0.05).(2)PI in the group of GCS less than 6 points(0.91±0.21) was higher than that in group of GCS 7-13 points(0.83±0.14)(P<0.05).The other parameters between two groups of GCS less than 6 points and GCS 7-13 points were not significantly indistinctive.Between the good prognosis group and the bad prognosis group,there were no significant differences in all parameters.(3) The days of TCD parameters′ reaching normal were negatively correlated with GCS(r=-0.653,P<0.01),but positively correlated with the duration of disorder of consciousness(r=0.923,P<0.01).Conclusion The cerebral hemodynamics of children with cerebral dysfunction is abnormal,the more serious cerebral dysfunction,the higher PI and the longer time for regaining normal TCD parameters.Constantly monitoring TCD could reflect the changes of cerebral hemodynamics and is valuable to assess the state of illness and prognosis.