体外膜肺氧合在儿童暴发型心肌炎应用的多中心调查

目的 探讨中国大陆PICU应用体外膜肺氧合(extracorporeal membrane oxygenation,ECMO)支持儿童暴发型心肌炎治疗的效果.方法 采用问卷调查方法回顾自2006年4月中国大陆PICU首次开展ECMO 治疗以来,国内三级儿童专科医院或综合医院的PICU应用ECMO支持暴发型心肌炎的治疗情况;总结分析临床特点及预后.结果 共有3家医院的23例儿童急性暴发型心肌炎患者接受ECMO治疗,男18例,女5例;平均年龄(86.3±48.8)个月,平均体重(25.8±12.1)kg,ECMO治疗前左室射血分数(39.5±15.6)%,ECMO平均治疗时间(119.1±57.3)h.18例患儿存活出院,5例死亡.所有患儿经ECMO治疗24h后平均动脉压均有上升,从ECMO前的(60.7±23.7)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)升至(72.1±9.8)mmHg,并且存活者上升水平显著高于死亡者(P=0.04);血清乳酸水平从ECMO前的(6.8±5.1) mmol/L降至(2.9±2.6)mmol/L,存活者血清乳酸水平降低幅度显著大于死亡者(P<0.001).23例患儿中,成功撤离ECMO 21例,成功撤离率为91.3%;3例患儿撤离ECMO后30d内死亡;18例好转出院,整体存活率为78.3%.死亡患儿ECMO支持时间长于存活患者,但两者比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.41).所有患儿平均医疗花费(16.4±4.9)万元,存活者与死亡者比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.24).18例存活患儿中,共有15例随访,发生神经系统后遗症2例,1例颈总动脉血栓形成,1例心功能不全.结论 ECMO可为儿童急性暴发型心肌炎患者提供有效的循环支持,促进血流动力学稳定,提高存活率.

Investigation on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation application in pediatric acute fulminant myocarditis in China

Objective To review multi-center experience on rescue use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO) in pediatric patients with acute fulminant myocarditis and to investigate its short-term outcome in China.Methods The survey was conducted in 28 tertiary hospitals in China mainland.All children<18 years who had been supported with non-open chest ECMO to rescue acute fulminant myocarditis in PICU were reviewed.Results Twenty-three of 63 patients with ECMO support were diagnosed acute fulminant myocarditis.Their mean age was(86.3±48.8)months,mean weight was(25.8±12.1)kg,and mean left ventricular ejection fraction was(39.5±15.6)%.Eighteen patients(78.3%) survived to discharge and 5 cases(21.7%) died.The average length of ECMO was(119.1±57.3)h,(110.6±42.7)h for survival,(150.0±93.8)h for nonsurvival.There was no statistically difference between survival and death in ECMO support time(P=0.41).The mean arterial pressure increased from(60.7±23.7)mmHg(1mmHg=0.113kPa) of the beginning to(72.1±9.8)mmHg at 24h after ECMO treatment,and increase of mean arterial pressure was higher in the survival compared with the nonsurvival(P=0.04).The mean serum lactate decreased from(6.8±5.1)mmol/L at ECMO initiation to(2.9±2.6)mmol/L at 24h after ECMO treatment,and decrease of serum lactate was higher in survival group compared to nonsurvival group(P<0.001).Twenty-one patients(91.3%) were decanulated from ECMO successfully.Three patients died within 30 days after ECMO support,and eighteen patients survived to hospital discharge.The overall survival rate was 78.3%.There were no significant difference between the death and the survival in ECMO support time(P=0.41) and medical cost(P=0.24).The most common complications during ECMO were bleeding and disfunction of oxygenator.Of the 18 survivors,15 were followed up,4 experienced obvious sequelae,and 2 had neurologic issues.Conclusion ECMO is an effective hemodynamic support treatment that confers better clinical outcome for pediatric patients with acute fulminant myocarditis.