不同性别儿童青少年精神障碍与父母教养方式关系

目的 了解父母教养方式对不同性别儿童青少年精神障碍的影响。方法 于2009年采用精神发育与健康状况评定问卷(DAWBA)、父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)和自拟调查表对辽宁省8488名中小学学生进行调查。结果 男生精神障碍患病率为7.99%,女生精神障碍患病率为10.82%;男生抑郁障碍、多动障碍与父亲的情感温暖、理解因子相关,焦虑障碍、抑郁障碍、对立反抗性障碍与母亲的情感温暖、理解因子相关,多动障碍与母亲过分干涉因子相关,多动障碍、对立反抗性障碍与父亲拒绝、否认因子相关,焦虑障碍、抑郁障碍和多动障碍与父亲过度保护因子相关,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);女生抑郁障碍、多动障碍和对立反抗性障碍与父、母亲的情感温暖、理解因子相关,焦虑障碍、抑郁障碍和多动障碍与母亲过分干涉保护因子相关,抑郁障碍、多动障碍与父亲拒绝、否认因子相关,抑郁障碍和多动障碍与父亲过度保护因子相关,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 父母教养方式对儿童青少年的精神健康起重要作用。

Association of parenting style with mental disorders and gender difference among children and adolescents

Objective To examine the influence of parenting style on mental disorders by gender among children and adolescents.Methods Using stratified multistage random cluster sampling, we recruited 8488 students aged 6-17 years from 31 primary schools, 27 junior high schools, and 15 senior high schools and vocational schools in urban and rural regions of Liaoning province.Egna Minnen Betrffande Uppfostran:One's Memories of Upbringing(EMBU), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ), and a self-designed questionnaire were self-administered among the students for screening survey.Then we adopted The Development and Well Being Assessment(DAWBA) to perform a face-to-face survey by trained interviewers among the students with positive SDQ score.Results The prevalence of mental disorders was 7.99% and 10.82% among the male and female students.Among the male students, paternal emotional warmth and understanding factor were correlated with depression(D) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD); paternal rejection and denial were related to ADHD; paternal overprotection was associated with anxiety(A), ADHD, and oppositional defiant disorder(ODD); maternal emotional warmth and understanding factor were correlated with D, A, and ODD; maternal overprotection was related to ADHD.Among the female students, paternal emotional warmth and understanding factor were correlated to D, ADHD, and ODD; paternal rejection, denial and overprotection were related to D and ADHD; maternal emotional warmth was associated with D, ADHD, and ODD and maternal overprotection was related to D, A, and ADHD.Conclusion Parental rearing behaviors play an important role in mental health among children and adolescents.