云南独有少数民族居民糖尿病患病知识及自我管理比较

比较分析云南省4个独有少数民族糖尿病患病、知晓、治疗、控制及自我管理现状。方法 采用多阶段分层抽样方法，抽取云南省5 532名≥35岁纳西族、傈僳族、傣族和景颇族常住居民进行问卷调查和体格检查。结果 纳西族、傈僳族、傣族和景颇族居民标化后糖尿病患病率分别为3.9%、2.7%、7.6%和4.3%，傣族最高，傈僳族最低（P < 0.05）；知晓率分别为55.7%、66.7%、56.1%和41.6%，以傈僳族最高，景颇族最低（P < 0.05）；治疗率分别为39.1%、29.1%、41.9%和30.8%，傣族最高，傈僳族最低（P < 0.05）；控制率分别为21.9%、20.5%、23.2%和12.8%（ P >0.05）。纳西族、傈僳族、傣族和景颇族糖尿病患者自我监测血糖率分别为55.0%、12.5%、39.7%和20.0%，纳西族最高，傈僳族最低（P < 0.01）；遵医嘱服药率分别为60.0%、41.7%、82.1%和68.0%，傣族最高，傈僳族最低（P < 0.01）。4个民族糖尿病患者采取饮食控制、控制体重或减肥以及戒烟措施的比例差异均无统计学意义（P >0.05）。结论 云南省4个独有少数民族在糖尿病患病率、知晓率、治疗率和自我管理行为方面存在民族差异，其知晓率、治疗率、控制率和糖尿病自我管理行为均处于较低水平。

Comparisons of prevalence,knowledge and self-management of diabetes among unique ethnic minorities in Yunnan province

Objective To compare differences in prevalence, awareness, treatment, control and self-management of diabetes among four unique ethnic minorities in Yunnan province. Methods A representative sample of 5 532 ethnic minority residents aged ≥35 years were selected with multi-stage stratified random sampling from Naxi, Lisu, Dai, and Jingpo ethnic groups in Yunnan province.Information were obtained using a standard questionnaire and physical examination. Results Among the Naxi, Lisu, Dai, and Jingpo ethnic groups, the standardized prevalence of diabetes was 3.9%, 2.7%, 7.6%, and 4.3% and the diabetes awareness rate was 55.7%, 66.7%, 56.1%, and 41.6% ;among the diabetes patients identified, the treatment rate was 39.1%, 29.1%, 41.9%, and 30.8% and the control rate was 21.9%, 20.5%, 23.2%, and 12.8% for the 4 ethnic groups, respectively.The Dai residents had the highest prevalence rate, whereas the Lisu residents had the lowest (P < 0.05).The Lisu residents had the highest awareness rate, whereas Jingpo residents had the lowest (P < 0.05).The Dai residents had the highest treatment rate and the Lisu residents had the lowest (P < 0.05).Among all the diabetic patients, the rates of blood glucose self-monitoring was 55.0%, 12.5%, 39.7%, and 20.0% and the rate of compliance to anti-diabetic drugs was 60.0%, 41.7%, 82.1%, and 68.0% for the Naxi, Lisu, Dai, and Jingpo ethnic groups, respectively.The highest blood glucose self-monitoring rate was observed in the Naxi patients whereas the lowest in the Lisu patients(P < 0.05);additionally, the highest rate of compliance to anti-diabetic drugs was observed in the Dai patients, whereas the lowest in the Lisu patients (P < 0.05).There was no significant differences in taking diabetes control measures such as diet control, weight control or weight loss, and smoking cessation among different ethnic diabetic patients (P >0.05). Conclusion There are significant ethnic differences in diabetes prevalence, awareness, treatment and self-management and the rate of diabetes awareness, treatment, control and self-management are at a low level among the Naxi, Lisu, Dai, and Jingpo ethnic groups in Yunnan province.