大学生自杀意念及其影响因素分析

目的 了解大学生自杀意念发生情况,探讨家庭关系、专业满意度、心理健康状况、应对方式等因素对其影响,为预测及预防大学生自杀提供依据。方法 分层随机抽取四川省成都市某大学大一和大二年级5524名在校学生,利用症状自评量表、简易应对方式问卷及一般情况调查问卷进行调查。结果 大学生自杀意念发生率为7.8%;有重大创伤(OR=1.524,P=0.001)、家庭气氛很不和谐(OR=1.826,P=0.029)、与母亲关系非常紧张和比较紧张(OR=4.301,P=0.004和OR=1.672,P=0.012)、专业不满意(OR=1.366,P=0.022)、躯体化(OR=1.617,P=0.001)、抑郁(OR=6.247,P=0.000)、敌对(OR=1.475,P=0.002)、精神病性(OR=1.531,P=0.020)、其他因子(OR=1.641,P=0.000)是自杀意念产生的危险因素,人际关系敏感(OR=0.674,P=0.014)、积极应对方式(OR=0.575,P=0.000)是自杀意念产生的保护因素。结论 自杀意念在大学生中有一定的发生率,社会和心理因素对大生自杀意念的产生有重要影响。

Suicidal ideation and associated factors among university students

Objective To explore the incidence of suicidal ideation among university students and to evaluate the relations among suicide idea, family relationship, professional satisfaction, mental health status and coping style, and to provide evidences for suicide prevention.Methods Totally 5524 freshmen and sophomores were selected from a university in Chengdu city with stratified random sampling and surveyed with Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire(SCSQ), and a questionnaire about general information during September and October 2014.Results The incidence rate of suicide ideation was 7.8% among the participants.The history of childhood trauma(odds ratio[OR]=1.524, P=0.001), with severely disharmonic familial environment(OR=1.826, P=0.029), having strained relation with his/her mother(OR for severe strain=4.301, P=0.004; OR for moderate strain=1.672, P=0.012), dissatisfaction with the major to be engaged in(OR=1.366, P=0.022), somatization(OR=1.617, P=0.001), depression(OR=6.247, P=0.000), hostility(OR=1.475, P=0.002), psychosis subscale(OR=1.531, P=0.020), and other factor(OR=1.641, P=0.000) were the risk factors of suicidal ideation; whereas interpersonal sensitivity(OR=0.674, P=0.014) and positive coping style(OR=0.575, P=0.000) were the protective factors.Conclusion There is a high incidence of suicide ideation in university students.Social relationship and psychological health are important factors for suicidal ideation among students.