农村30月龄幼儿行为发育及与智力和运动发展关系

目的 探讨陕西农村30月龄幼儿的行为发育特点及其与智力及运动发展的关系。方法 运用贝利婴幼儿发展量表对977名陕西农村30月龄幼儿的智力发育、运动发展以及行为表现进行测查，采用探索性因子分析行为发育特点，采用Spearman秩相关以及偏相关分析行为发育与智力及运动发展的关系。结果 从各行为条目得分情况看，30月龄的幼儿正性情绪逐渐增加，如合作性（3.9±0.8）分、总的情绪（4.1±0.6）分、寻物的倾向性（3.9±0.7）分、持久性（4.1±0.5）分、观看兴趣（3.9±0.5）分，得分较高；负性情绪逐渐减少，如害怕（1.7±0.8）分、紧张（2.5±0.6）分、吮吸兴趣（1.1±0.5）分，得分较低；对25个行为条目进行探索性因子分析，共提取出6个公因子，分别为活动性、社会适应性、专注性、持久性、运动协调性以及亲和性，总方差贡献率为56.77%；各行为因子与智力发展的相关性均有统计学意义（均P<0.05），调整后的相关系数绝对值为0.081～0.359；活动性、专注性、持久性以及运动协调性与运动发展的相关性有统计学意义（P<0.05），调整后的相关系数绝对值为0.080～0.475。在所有的行为因子中，活动性与智力及运动发展的相关程度最高，调整后的相关系数分别为0.359、0.475。结论 良好的行为表现与幼儿的智力、运动发育存在正性关联。对幼儿的异常行为进行合理干预和早期教育，促使其良好行为的形成，有助于提高其运动能力和认知能力。

Behavioral development and its relationship with mental and psychomotor development among rural infants of 30-month-old in Shaanxi province

Objective To explore the characteristics of behavioral development and its relationship with mental and psychomotor development among rural 30-month-old infants in Shaanxi province.Methods Totally 977 rural infants born between 2002 and 2006 in 2 counties in Shaanxi province were followed up retrospectively and their mental,psychomotor,and behavior development at the age of 30 months were assessed by using Bayley Scales of Infant Development(BSID).Exploratory factor analysis was performed to extract the major factors.Spearman and partial correlation were used to evaluate associations of mental and psychomotor development with behavioral development.Results The 30-month-old infants had relative higher scores for cooperativeness (3.9±0.8),emotional tone (4.1±0.6),object orientation (3.9±0.7),endurance (4.1±0.5),and sights (3.9±0.5),but lower scores for fearfulness (1.7±0.8),tension (2.5±0.6),and sucking thumb or fingers (1.1±0.5),respectively,suggesting the enhanced positive emotion and declined negative emotion among the infants.Exploratory factor analysis revealed 6 common factors (activity,social adaptability,concentration,endurance,motor coordination,and affinity) associated with mental development index (MDI) and the 6 factors accounted for 56.77%variation of MDI,with the adjusted correlation coefficients ranging from 0.081 to 0.359;however,of the 6 factors only 4 (activity,concentration,endurance,and motor coordination)were significantly correlated with psychomotor development index (PDI),with the adjusted correlation coefficients of from 0.080 to 0.475.In all of behavior factors,activity factor was most closely correlated with MDI and PDI.Conclusion Well developed behavior is positively associated with MDI and PDI.Early education and intervention targeted on abnormal infant behavior could help to improving infant behavior development,cognitive abilities and motor skills.