强化狂犬病暴露处置门诊健康教育的必要性与可行性

目的了解狂犬病多发地区居民狂犬病防治知识水平、态度、行为及需求,探讨狂犬病健康教育的有效方式。方法采取随机分层整群抽样方法,调查江苏省887名居民的狂犬病防治知识掌握情况;同时调查3个县疾病预防控制中心和15个狂犬病暴露处置门诊健康教育开展情况。结果居民狂犬病防治知识回答合格率为30.33%,其中危害及传播途径等基本知识合格率为47.13%,暴露后正确处理知识合格率为18.71%;多因素分析表明,影响居民狂犬病防治知识合格率的因素主要是自己(或家人)是否被狗咬伤过及文化程度。希望要多了解一些狂犬病预防知识的居民占74.07%,获得狂犬病知识的主要途径为电视(69.45%)、宣传单(53.55%)、书籍(52.56%),喜爱的健康教育形式为电视(65.28%)、宣传单(45.89%)、网络(42.73%)。结论江苏居民狂犬病防治知识缺乏,大力开展狂犬病健康教育十分必要。在目前健康教育经费紧张,人手不够的情况下,做好常规宣传的同时,强化狂犬病暴露预防处置门诊健康教育工作,是提高居民狂犬病防治知识水平可行的有效的手段。

necessity and feasibility of strengthening health education among outpatients with rabies exposure

[Objective]To understand the rabies prevention knowledge,attitudes,behavior and demand of rabies-prone residents,and explore the effective way for rabies health education.[Methods]A stratified random cluster sampling method was adopted to survey 887 residents in Jiangsu Province about rabies prevention knowledge as well as the implementation status of health education in 3 county CDC,15 clinic with rabies exposure disposal service.[Results] The survey showed that the pass rate of rabies prevention and control knowledge among residents was 30.33%,including basic knowledge of hazards and transmission routes pass rate of 47.13%,the knowledge pass rate of correctly proposal after exposure was 18.71%.Multivariate analysis showed which affected residents rabies prevention knowledge passing rate mainly were whether they or their family members were bitten by the dog and education level.The residents wanted to learn more about rabies prevention knowledge accounted for 74.07%.The main media to obtain rabies knowledge was TV 69.45%,leaflets 53.55%,books 52.56%.The top 3 favorite forms of health education were TV 65.28%,leaflets 45.89%,network 42.73%.[Conclusion]Due to the lack of rabies prevention and control knowledge among Jiangsu residents,it is necessary to carry out rabies health education.Under the present situation of lack of health education funds and manpower,to do well in regular publicity of rabies prevention knowledge combined with health education in clinic with rabies exposure disposal service are the feasible and effective means for improving knowledge levels of rabies prevention among residents.