北京市新装修场所室内空气的污染状况及其影响因素

目的调查北京新装修住宅室内空气中甲醛和总挥发性有机物污染的情况,找出具有共性的影响因素,为控制室内空气污染提供依据。方法采用传感器法对北京地区新装修场所的207套房间进行了室内空气中甲醛和总挥发性有机物的检测,找出室内环境空气质量具有共性的影响因素。结果有害物质的释放随着温度的升高而增多,春秋两季,甲醛和总挥发性有机物超标率达到39.0%和74.9%,夏季均为100%,冬季为14.3和42.9%%;不同居室类型中,空气中甲醛和总挥发性有机物浓度最高的是会议厅内,均达到100.0%,其次是商务场所为42.9%和28.6%,最低的普通居民住宅为38.3%和79.2%;在相同外界因素下,通透户型的甲醛和总挥发性有机物浓度明显低于单面通风结构的住宅;阳面房间的有害物质浓度高于阴面的房间。结论温度、居室类型、户型、房间朝向是影响室内环境空气质量的主要影响因素。应针对污染情况,采取有效措施,以降低污染程度。

Indoor air pollution and it influencing factors in newly decorated place of Beiing City

[ Objective ] To investigate the pollution situation of formaldehyde and TVOC of indoor air in newly decorated house of Beijing City, to find out the similarity influencing factor, and provide evidence for control of indoor air pollution. [ Methods] The determination on formaldehyde and TVOC concentration of indoor air in 207 sets of newly decorated house in Beijing City by sensor method was to find the similarity factor affecting the indoor air quality. [ Results ] The release of harmful substance increased with the raise of temperature. The excessive rates of formaldehyde and TVOC in spring and autumn were 39.0% and 74.9%, both 100% in summer and 14.5 and 42.9% % in winter. The concentration of formaldehyde and TVOC in meeting room was highest a- mong all the types of house, excessive rates were both 100%, followed by 42.9% and 28.6% in business place, and 38.3% and 79. 2% in ordinary residential house. The concentration of formaldehyde and TVOC in breezy house was obvious lower than ventila- tive house with bosseyed structure under the same exoteric condition. The concentration of harmful substance in southern house was obvious higher than northern house. [ Conclusion ] Temperature, type of house, layout and building direction are the main influen- cing factors to the indoor air quality. It is necessary to take effective measures to reduce pollution levels based on the pollution char- acteristics.