济南市铁路企业女职工健康状况调查

目的了解济南市铁路企业女职工健康状况,为采取早期预防疾病的措施提供依据。方法采用普查的调查方法,以行政文件的形式发放调查表,调查铁路企业女职工健康监护资料,进行综合分析,研究其流行病学分布规律。结果血液检测异常率中高血糖、高血脂、血常规、肾功能、肝功能的异常率分别为3.01%、23.98%、17.69%、16.64%和15.99%,其中高血糖和高血脂随着工龄增加异常率增高(P0.05)。B超检查异常率中脂肪肝、肝叶囊肿、肝内血管瘤、肝内钙化灶、胆囊息肉、胆囊(管)结石、胆囊炎、肾结石、肾囊肿和胸片的异常率分别为10.75%、4.72%、1.83%、1.83%、1.57%、2.62%、1.18%、1.31%、2.62%和1.18%,其中脂肪肝和肝叶囊肿随着工龄增加异常率增高(P0.05)。心血管检查异常率中高血压、ST-T改变、心率异常、传导阻滞、房室异常和早搏的异常率分别为5.90%、13.63%、13.63%、0.26%、1.18%、1.31%和1.31%,其中高血压、ST-T改变、传导阻滞和房室异常随着工龄增加异常率增高(P0.05)。妇科检查异常率中子宫及附件肌瘤、妇科炎症、宫颈息肉和子宫及附件囊肿的异常率分别为22.43%、22.77%、2.02%和10.12%,其中子宫及附件肌瘤和子宫及附件囊肿随着工龄增加异常率增高(P0.05)。乳腺检查异常率中乳腺增生和乳腺纤维瘤的异常率分别为13.89%和0.79%,其中乳腺纤维瘤随着工龄增加异常率增高(P0.05),乳腺增生随着工龄增加异常率降低(P0.05)。结论铁路企业女职工健康检查结果显示群体健康状况不容乐观,现代生活方式对健康的影响同样也在职工中存在,如脂肪肝、高血压及心电图异常等均随年龄增长而增加,所以除了对职工进行卫生防护之外,还应积极改善生活方式,提倡健康生活,防止由现代生活方引起的慢性疾病的发生。

Health status of female workers in railway enterprises of Jinan City

Objective]To understand the health status of female workers in the railway enterprises,and provide the basis for adopting early preventive measures.Methods]The survey method was used,in the form of administrative documents issued questionnaires,to investigate the health surveillance data of female workers in railway enterprises.A comprehensive analysis of the epidemiological distribution was performed.Results] The blood tests showed abnormal rates of hyperglycemia,hyperlipidemia,blood routine examination,renal function,liver rates were 3.01% and 23.98%,17.69%,16.64% and 15.99%.The abnormal rates of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia increased with the extending length of service（P0.05）.Ultrasound examination showed abnormal rate of fatty liver,hepatic cysts,liver hemangioma,liver calcification,gallbladder polyps,gallbladder（bile duct） stones,cholecystitis,kidney stones,renal cysts and chest radiograph were 10.75%,4.72%,1.83%,1.83%,1.57%,2.62%,1.18%,1.31%,2.62% and 1.18%.The abnormal rates of fatty liver and hepatic cyst increased with the extending length of service（P0.05）.Cardiovascular examination showed abnormal rate of hypertension,ST-T changes,heart rhythms,conduction block,atrioventricular anomalies and premature beats were 5.90%,13.63%,13.63%,0.26%,1.18%,1.31% and 1.31%.The abnormal rates of hypertension,ST-T changes,conduction block and atrioventricular anomalies increased with the extending length of service（P0.05）.Gynecological examination showed abnormal rate of myoma of the uterus and accessories,gynecological inflammation,cervical polyps,and cyst of uterine and accessories were 22.43%,22.77%,2.02% and 10.12%.The abnormal rates of myoma and cyst of the uterus and accessories increased with the extending length of service（P0.05）.Breast examination showed abnormal rates of breast hyperplasia and breast fibroids were 13.89% and 0.79%,The first one decreased and the second one increased with the extending length of service（P0.05）.Conclusion]The physical examination of female workers in railway enterprises shows that health status of this population is not optimistic.The modern life influences the health of workers,such as the incidence of fatty liver,hypertension and ECG abnormalities increase with age.Apart from health protection of workers,active lifestyle and healthy living are suggested to prevent the diseases due to modern life style.