产后6个月内乳母营养摄入与哺乳的跟踪观察

对北京市城乡50名产后哺乳妇女6个月内营养素摄入量和乳汁分泌以及乳成分进行跟踪观察。结果表明:乳母的营养素摄入量在产后第1个月内除了钙以外均超过我国膳食营养素供给量(RDA),但第3和第6个月时都下降,尤以钙、维生素A及B_2明显。母乳的分泌量在产后前3个月,城乡分别为689g及803g,至6个月时下降,以城区的下降更明显,但都能接近或超过发达国家乳母的母乳分泌量。城区母乳中热能、蛋白质、脂肪和乳糖的含量均高于农村的,可能与城市乳母膳食质量较高有关。从母乳分泌量及其营养成分看,母乳喂养婴儿到3个月能满足婴儿营养的需要,而农村还可以维持到6个月。

A LONGITUDINAL STUDY ON THE DIETARY INTAKES OF THE LACTATING MOTHERS AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE BREASTFEEDING

'A longitudinal study of the influence of the dietary intakes on the br-eastmilk output and the breastmilk nutrient contents of the lactating mothers in the first 6 months after delivery was carried out in 1985 in urban and rural areas of Beijing. The results indicated that the energy and various nutrients' intakes except calcium of the lactating mothers were adequate at the first month of lactation based on the Chinese RDA. While at the 3rd and 6th month of the lactation, the energy and all the nutrients intakes especially calcium, vitamin A and vitamin B2 were decreasing. The breastm-ilk output of these mothers during the first 3 months of lactation were 689 and 803 g per day for urban and rural areas respectively. In spite of the breastmilk output were decreased at the 6th month of lactation for both areas, especially for the urban mothers, the average yield of breastmilk in this study was still comparable to that of the mothers in the developed countries. The average nutrient contents of the breastmilk, namely protein, fat, carbohydrate and energy of the urban mothers were higher than that of the rural mothers, which might be attributed to the higher quality of the diets of the urban mothers as seen in our result. Based on these data, it suggested that the period for the urban mothers to breastfeeding alone could go savely up to 3 months to fulfill the nutritional requirements of the infants. For rural mothers it could be as long as 6 months.