核设施流出物照射人体器官的当量剂量和有效剂量的计算

目的研究在核设施流出物照射条件下ＩＣＲＰ６０号出版物建议的新辐射量（当量剂量和有效剂量）算法和有关参数，建立在核设施防护领域应用新辐射量的剂量学资料。方法采用ＡＤＡＭ和ＥＶＡ拟人计算模型和组织空气比的方法计算器官当量剂量和有效剂量。结果给出了核设施正常运行和事故时可能释放的近２００种核素，在空气浸没、水中浸没和地表沉积物３种照射方式下，器官当量剂量率因子和有效剂量率因子，考虑了男性１８种和女性２０种器官；有效剂量与有效剂量当量相差在２０％以内。结论新旧辐射量相差不大，本文结果可用于核设施流出物外照射人员的剂量估计。

Organ equivalent dose and effective dose to human body irradiated by effluents of nuclear facilities

Objective\ To study the method and parameters for calculating the new quantities (equivalent dose and effective dose) defined in ICRP Publication 60 and to establish the dosimetric data of these quantities in nuclear facility for radiation protection. Methods Using ADAM and EVA mathematical phantoms and tissue air ratio,the organ equivalent dose and effective dose were calculated. Results The organ equivalent dose rate conversion factors of photon for 18 male organs and 20 female organs and the effective dose rate conversion factors were given for nearly 200 nuclides possibly released from nuclear facilities during normal operation or accident for three exposure modes immersion in contaminated air,immersion in contaminated water,and irradiation from ground deposition.The difference between effective dose equivalent and effective dose was within 20%. Conclusion The discrepancy between the new and the old quantities is small and the results can be used to evaluate the human dose from external exposure to the effluents of nuclear facilities.