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Cytokinetics of secondary neurulation in chick embryos: Hamburger and Hamilton stages 16–45 |
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| Authors: | Hee-Jin Yang Kyu-Chang Wang Je G. Chi Myung-Sook Lee Yun-Jin Lee Seung-Ki Kim Chang Sub Lee Byung-Kyu Cho |
| Affiliation: | (1) Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, South Korea;(2) Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, South Korea;(3) Division of Pediatric Pathology, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, South Korea;(4) Division of Neurosurgery, Cheju National University College of Medicine, 154 Sam-do-2-dong, Jeju,, Jeju-do, 690-716, South Korea;(5) Laboratory for Fetal Medicine Research in Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea |
| Abstract: | Objectives In an attempt to understand the events in the secondary neurulation in embryonic stage, we investigated cytokinetic changes in the tail bud of normal developing chick embryos.Materials and methods We investigated chick embryos of Hamburger and Hamilton stages 16–45 by staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and applying the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method.Results and conclusions The cytokinetics of secondary neurulation have several distinctive properties: a general chronological delay compared to primary neurulation; absence of ventrodorsal differences; larger rostrocaudal differences; and degeneration of the distal end of the spinal cord in the later stages of development. These differences in morphogenetic and cytokinetic behavior between primary and secondary neurulation may help to improve our understanding of anomalies originating during secondary neurulation. |
| Keywords: | Secondary neurulation Chick embryo Cytokinetics Cell proliferation Apoptosis Proliferating nuclear cell antigen (PCNA) TUNEL |
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