分级医疗救治体系在北川地震灾区医疗救治中的应用

2008年汶川大地震中，海军总医院抗震救灾第一医疗队在四川省北川羌族自治县开展医疗救援工作。根据受灾地区的地理特征，医疗救援采取一级救治体系救治伤员。第一级为前出救治小分队，深入地震受灾的核心区，工作重点是分批、分组在废墟区进行搜救，全力救治幸存者。第二级为野战救护所，设在县城郊区交通咽喉地段，伤员必经之地，重点抢救大批量外科病员，开展卫生防疫、为转运伤员做好医疗保障。基本保证近100公里的后送途中伤员生命体征平稳，避免二次损伤，同时防疫队员对搜救队员和灾区群众进行集中消毒。第三级为伤员转运和后方医院救治，工作重点是专科救治，重症监护和心理疏导.实践证明此三级救治体系能有效地提高医疗救援效率。

Medical rescue grading system in Beichuan earthquake-stricken area

After the Wenchuan Earthquake, the Navy General Hospital immediately sent its first medical rescue team to Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County. In view of the specific geographical features there the medical rescue team adopted a three-level rescue system. At the first level were the patrol medical units with the main objective to search and rescue the victims in the ruins. At the second level, a field medical station was set up at ＂Sandaoguai＂, a traffic key point 2 km from the county town and 3 km from Renjiaping, a hub for the transfer of the wounded, so as to treat a large quantity of wounded persons, carry out epidemic prevention, and conduct medical security for such transfer. It was responsible to guarantee the stable life signs of the wounded during the transfer with a distance as long as 100 kilometers, avoid secondary injury, and carry out centralized sterilization for the searching and rescuing personnel and the masses. And the third level included casualty evacuation and rear hospital treatment, focusing on specialized medical treatment, intensive care, and psychological rehabilitation. The practice indicated that such a medical rescue grading system effectively enhances the efficiency of medical relief corps.