Liver retransplantation in children. A 21‐year single‐center experience*

In this study, the epidemiology and outcome of graft loss following primary pediatric liver transplantation (LT) were analysed, with the hypothesis that early retransplantation (reLT) might be associated with lower immunologic risks when compared with late reLT. Between March 1984 and December 2005, 745 liver grafts were transplanted to 638 children at Saint‐Luc University Hospital, Brussels. Among them, a total of 90 children (14%) underwent 107 reLT, and were categorized into two groups (early reLT, n = 58; late reLT, n = 32), according to the interval between either transplant procedures (< or >30 days). Ten‐year patient survival rate was 85% in recipients with a single LT, vs. 61% in recipients requiring reLT (P < 0.001). Ten‐year patient survival rates were 59% and 66% for early and late reLT, respectively (P = 0.423), the corresponding graft survival rates being 51% and 63% (P = 0.231). Along the successive eras, the rate of reLT decreased from 17% to 10%, whereas progressive improvement of outcome post‐reLT was observed. No recurrence of chronic rejection (CR) was observed after reLT for CR (0 of 19). Two children developed a positive cross‐match at reLT (two of 10, 20%), both retransplanted lately for CR secondary to immunosuppression withdrawal following a post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disease. In summary, the results presented could not evidence better results for late reLT when compared with early reLT. The former did not seem to be associated with higher immunologic risk, except for children having withdrawal of immunosuppression following the first graft.