Inosine partially mimics the effects of glucose on ionic fluxes,electrical activity,and insulin release in mouse pancreatic B-cells

The purine ribonucleoside inosine is known to be metabolized in islet cells (its ribose moiety feeds into the pentose-phosphate cycle) and stimulate insulin release, but the mechanisms of this stimulation have not been established. These were investigated with mouse islets. In the absence of glucose, 5 mM inosine decreased⁸⁶Rb⁺ efflux from islet cells, depolarized the B-cell membrane, induced electrical activity (slow waves of membrane potential with bursts of spikes on the plateau), accelarated⁴⁵Ca²⁺ efflux and stimulated insulin release with the same efficiency as 10 mM glucose. Raising the concentration of inosine to 20 mM only had a slight further effect and, in particular, failed to cause persistent depolarization of the B-cell membrane. The electrical activity triggered by inosine was blocked by cobalt, and the stimulation of⁴⁵Ca²⁺ efflux and insulin release was abolished in a Ca²⁺-free medium. The effects of 10 mM glucose on electrical activity,⁴⁵Ca²⁺ efflux and insulin release were augmented by as little as 0.5 mM inosine. All effects of inosine were abolished by an inhibitor of nucleoside transport (nitrobenzylthioguanosine) and markedly impaired by inhibitors of nucleoside phosphorylase (formycin B) or of glycolysis (iodoacetate). In conclusion, inosine metabolism in B-cells induces insulin release by triggering the same sequence of events as glucose metabolism: a decrease of K⁺ permeability of the B-cell membrane, leading to depolarization and activation of voltage-dependent Ca channels.