Appropriate indications for the use of a percutaneous cardiopulmonary support system in cases with cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction

Percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS) is now available for hemodynamic support in patients with cardiogenic shock, but there are no guidelines for its use. The present study determined the appropriate indications for the use of the PCPS in patients with cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Sixty-four consecutive patients with cardiogenic shock complicating AMI had hemodynamic support with an intraaortic balloon pump (IABP; n=38) and/or PCPS (n=26). The shock score (0-15) was calculated immediately before starting these support systems to quantify the severity of shock. Multivariate logistic regression analysis determined the clinical factors affecting in-hospital mortality. The relationship between in-hospital prognosis and the shock score was also examined in the 2 groups. The most significant factor related to the in-hospital prognosis was the shock score (p=0.0007; OR 2.16, 95% CI: 1.37-3.39). Another related factor was revascularization; however, this relationship did not reach statistical significance (p=0.069; OR 0.06). Among the 13 cases whose shock score was 4-8 (moderate shock), 5 survived in the PCPS group, but only 1 of 19 patients survived in the IABP group (p<0.05). None of the patients in either group whose shock score was more than 9 survived. The severity of shock is the most reliable independent predictor of in-hospital mortality in patients with cardiogenic shock complicating AMI. Using PCPS in patients with moderate cardiogenic shock may improve their in-hospital survival, but it must be used before the shock becomes severe.