二氧化氯对水消毒效果及消毒副产物的测定

目的观察一种二元制剂固体二氧化氯对水消毒效果及其在水中毒副产物含量,以评价其使用安全性。方法采用悬液定量杀菌试验和气相色谱分析法进行实验研究。结果以含0.5 mg/L的二氧化氯对污染水样和天然水样作用30 min,均可使水中大肠杆菌降至0/100 ml。在水温5℃~30℃范围内、色度低于15度、pH值5.5~8.5条件下,用0.5 mg/L对水体消毒可保持消毒效果不变。经0.5 mg/L二氧化氯消毒处理30 min后的池塘水样中未检出三氯甲烷,检出四氯化碳0.01~0.17μg/L。同一池塘水经含有效氯10 mg/L的二氯异氰尿酸钠消毒30min后,检出三氯甲烷55.51~233.46μg/L,检出四氯化碳0.32~0.45μg/L。结论0.5 mg/L二氧化氯可完全杀灭天然水中大肠杆菌,且处理后水中毒副产物含量符合生活饮用水标准;用二氯异氰尿酸钠处理后的天然水中三氯甲烷平均含量明显超出了生活饮用水水质标准。

EFFICACY OF CHLORINE DIOXIDE IN DISINFECTION OF WATER AND MEASUREMENT OF DISINFECTION BYPRODUCT

Objective To observe the efficacy of a binary preparation of solid chlorine dioxide in disinfection of water and its toxic byproduct content in water in order to evaluate its safety in use.Methods Suspension quantitative germicidal test and gas chromatographic method were used to carry out experimental study.Results Disinfection of polluted water sample and natural water sample with 0.5 mg/L chlorine dioxide for 30 min could reduce Escherichia coli in water to 0/100 ml.Under conditions of water temperature within the range of 5℃-30℃,degree of color lower than 15 and pH value 5.5-8.5,disinfection of the water body with 0.5 mg/L chlorine dioxide could keep the disinfection efficacy unchanged.After disinfecting the pool water sample with 0.5 mg/L chlorine dioxide for 30 min,no trichloromethane was detected and carbon tetrachloride 0.01-0.17 μg/L was detected in the water.After disinfecting the same pool water with sodium dichloroisocyanurate containing available chlorine 10 mg/L for 30 min,trichloromethane 55.51-233.46 μg/L and carbon tetrachloride 0.32～0.45 μg/L were detected in the water.Conclusions 0.5 mg/L chlorine dioxide can kill E.coli in natural water completely and the toxic byproduct content in the disinfected water meets the standard of daily drinking water.The average content of trichloromethane in the natural water disinfected with sodium dichloroisocyanurate significantly exceeds the water quality standard of daily drinking water.