贵州省燃煤型地方性氟中毒流行病学调查

目的　评价贵州省地方性氟中毒 (地氟病 )流行现状、影响因素及防制效果。方法　采用横断面调查方法 ,2 0 0 1年 5～ 9月对全省燃煤地区乡镇中心小学 8～ 12岁学生氟斑牙患病情况进行了调查 ,同时对原烧柴地区进行了地氟病线索调查。结果　在 85 7个乡镇中调查 772个 (受检率 90 .0 9% ) ,查出病区乡 5 92个 (检出率76 .6 8% ) ,其中轻病区乡 5 19个 (占 87.6 7% ) ,中病区乡 4 9个 (8.2 8% ) ,重病区乡 2 4个 (4.0 5 % )。病区人口约190 0万人 ,全省燃煤地区 8～ 12岁儿童氟斑牙患病率为 5 6 % ,缺损率为 6 .5 % ,推算 8～ 12岁氟斑牙儿童约 110万人。重病区仍然主要分布在省境内西北地区的毕节地区和六盘水市。与 1986年调查结果比较 ,儿童氟斑牙患病率 <30 %的乡镇无明显变化 ,30 %～ 80 %的乡镇检出率增高 ,而 >80 %的乡镇数明显减少。在约 4 0 %的由烧柴转为烧煤的乡镇发现氟中毒病人。结论　贵州省地方性氟中毒流行得到明显控制 ,但形势仍然严峻 ,病区有扩大趋势。

Epidemiological study of endemic fluorosis in Guizhou province

Objective To appraise the epidemiology and control effects of endemic fluorosis in Guizhou province.Methods A cross section investigation was conduced on the prevalence of dental fluorosis in the children aged 8~12 in the township central school of the coal-burning area, at the same time a clue survey was carried out for the firewood-burning area in Guizhou province.Results Seven hundred and seventy two out of 857 towns and villages were investigated, and 592 (76.68%) were the endemic area, among which 519 (87.67%) were the mild, 49(8.28%) the middle and 24(4.05%) the severe. The population in the whole endemic area was about 19 000 000. The incidence of the total and severe dental fluorosis in the children aged 8~12 was 56% and 6.5%, respectively. The population of the children aged 8~12 years with dental fluorosis was about 1 100 000. The severe endemic towns and villages were mainly distributed in the northwestern region of Guizhou. The cases with dental fluorosis were found in about 40% towns and villages of fire wood-burning area where the households had used coal as life fuel instead.Conclusions The results indicate that Guizhou province still has a rigorous situation to deal with endemic fluorosis. The influencing factors and control measures are widely discussed.