Echocardiographic findings in patients with sickle cell disease |
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Authors: | Shahla G Naoman Mehdi Nouraie Oswaldo L Castro Catherine Nwokolo Margaret Fadojutimi-Akinsiku Sharmin Diaz Georgia Willie-Carnegie Newton Andrews Victor R Gordeuk |
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Institution: | (1) Center for Sickle Cell Disease and Department of Medicine, Howard University, 1840 7th Street, NW, Room # 201, Washington, DC 20001, USA;(2) Division of Cardiology, Howard University, 2041 Georgia Avenue, NW, Suite 6C03, Washington, DC 20060, USA; |
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Abstract: | Pulmonary hypertension is a complication of sickle cell disease that is associated with increased mortality. Whether this
complication is associated with hemolysis has been questioned. Systolic pulmonary artery blood pressure can be estimated from
echocardiography-determined tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRV). A velocity of 2.5 m/s or higher suggests possible pulmonary
hypertension. A retrospective review of hospital records from adult patients with sickle cell disease undergoing echocardiography
in 2006 and 2007 was performed at a tertiary level hospital. Echocardiographic, demographic, and clinical laboratory data
were collected. Echocardiographic results were available for 105 adult sickle cell patients. Of these, 62 (59%) had a TRV
≥2.5 m/s and 24 (22.8%) had a TRV ≥3.0 m/s. Mitral valve regurgitation was observed in 44% and left ventricular abnormalities
(defined by either hypertrophy or dilation) in 28% of cases. Elevated TRV had independent and significant associations with
greater age, higher serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentration, and lower hemoglobin concentration. We confirmed that
elevated TRV is common among hospital-based adults with sickle cell disease. Significant, independent associations were found
with both elevated LDH concentration and degree of anemia, suggesting that hemolytic and other mechanisms contribute to pulmonary
hypertension in patients with sickle cell disease. |
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