3起Cox A16引起的幼儿园手足口病暴发疫情的流行病学调查

对2009年5-7月发生在上海市闵行区3所幼儿园的3起手足口病暴发疫情进行流行病学调查分析。3起疫情总共发病例数46例,罹患率为5.51%。男女性别比为2.07∶1,男性患儿罹患率显著高于女性;3岁幼儿手足口病罹患率较高。疫情平均流行时间为11.5 d,有明显的发病高峰,在发病第5天达到第一个最高峰。疫情发病均分布于2～3个班级,首发病例所在班级病例较为集中,疫情未出现大范围扩散。实验室检测发现3起手足口病暴发疫情均是由肠道病毒Cox A16引起。因此,在疾病流行期间应加强托幼机构疾病监测报告,做到早发现、早报告、早隔离、早治疗。

Epidemiological survey of three outbreaks of Cox A16-induced hand,foot and mouth disease in kindergartens

The investigation was to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of the three outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease that occurred in three kindergartens in Minhang district, Shanghai from May to July in 2009, which involved a total of 46 cases with the overall attack rate of 5.51% and the male to female ratio of 2.07： 1. The attack rate in male patients was significantly higher than that in female, and the attack rate of children younger than three years old was noticeably higher than others. The average prevalent duration was 11.5 d with remarkable onset peaks, the first one of which was observed on Day 5. On average, two or three classes in the kindergartens were affected in these outbreaks, resulting in relatively concentrated patients in the class where the primarily onset case was found, in the absence of widespread involvement. Laboratory tests suggested that the enterovirus, CoxA16, had caused the three outbreaks. Therefore, importance should be attached to the disease surveillance and reporting system during the prevalent period for the purpose of early detection, early report, early quarantine and early management.