脑瘫共患病及其与脑瘫类型和粗大运动功能分级的关系

目的 探讨脑性瘫痪(简称脑瘫)患儿常见共患病及其与脑瘫类型和粗大运动功能分级水平的关系.方法 对2007年1月至2009年6月在我院脑瘫康复中心住院治疗的脑瘫患儿进行智力测查、眼科检查、语言测查、听觉诱发电位、脑电图及粗大运动功能分级评估等,从临床分型和粗大运动功能分级两个角度分析脑瘫共患疾病.结果 354例脑瘫患儿中,共患智力低下166例(46.89%)、听觉障碍15例(4.24%)、视觉障碍138例(38.98%)、语言-言语障碍216例(61.02%)、癫癎82例(23.16%).相关分析显示,痉挛型双瘫与视觉障碍相关性最强,痉挛型偏瘫与癫癎相关性最强,痉挛型四肢瘫与癫癎和智力低下最相关,不随意运动型及混合型均与语言障碍最相关.除视觉障碍在不同GMFCS分级间的分布差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.90,P>0.05)外,其他共患病的发生情况与脑瘫类型、GMFCS分级水平明显相关(P均<0.05),四肢瘫、不随意运动型和混合型脑瘫患儿及GMFCS分级水平Ⅳ～Ⅴ级者多重障碍率明显高于痉挛型双瘫、偏瘫患儿及GMFCS分级水平Ⅰ～Ⅲ级者(P<0.05).结论 脑瘫患儿共患病的发生率和病种与脑瘫类型以及GMFCS分级水平有关,建议临床医生充分认识脑瘫患儿的临床分型、运动水平以及共患病,多学科协作全面评价和康复,以改善不良预后.

Comorbidities in patients with cerebral palsy and their relationship with neurologic subtypes and Gross Motor Function Classification System levels

Objective To analyze the comorbidities in patients with cerebral palsy (CP) from two perspectives as neurologic subtype and gross motor functions, and find their correlations. Methods Children with cerebral palsy treated in the rehabilitation center from January 2007 to June 2009 received the following examinations: intelligence capacity test, ophthalmologic consultation, language-speech test, brainstem auditory evoked potential and electroencephalogram. They were stratified according to both neurologic subtype and gross motor functions to detect the occurrence of comorbidities. Results Of all the 354 cases, 166 (46.89%) had mental retardation, 15 (4.24%) auditory limitations, 138 (38.98%) visual disorder, 216 (61.02%) language-speech disorder and 82 (23.16 %) epilepsy. The frequency of individual comorbidities were distributed disproportionately between the different neurologic subtypes. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between the spastic diplegia and the visual disorder (correlation coefficient = 0.26), between spastic hemiplegia and epilepsy (correlation coefficient = 0.17), between spastic quadriplegia and epilepsy and mental retardation (the correlation coefficient was 0.38 and 0.11, respectively)and between both dyskinetic and mixed children and language-speech disorder (the correlation coefficient was 0.24 and 0.27, respectively). The frequency of individual comorbidities was distributed disproportionately between the different neurologic subtypes and between the different GMFCS levels (P < 0.05), except for the frequency of visual disorders(χ~2 = 1.90,P > 0.05) ; and with the increase of the GMFCS levels, the burden of the comorbidities were more heavy and the incidence of the comorbidities was higher. Multi-comorbidities were relatively infrequently encountered in those with spastic hemiplegic or spastic diplegic children or patients whose CMFCS levels were Ⅰ-Ⅲ, while these entities occurred at a frequent level for those with spastic quadriplegic, dyskinetic, or mixed or children whose GMFCS levels were Ⅳ and Ⅴ, and the differences were significant (P < 0.05). The mean GMFCS levels of children with spastic quadriplegic, dyskinetic or mixed CP were higher than level Ⅲ, most of them had no ability of ambulation;while the mean GMFCS levels of spastic hemiplegic or spastic diplegic children were below level Ⅲ, most of them could walk independently. Conclusions There are correlations between the occurrence of the comorbidities such as mental retardation, auditory or visual impairments, language-speech disorders, epilepsy and the cerebral palsy subtype and the gross motor function levels. Clinicians should have a full recognition of these comorbidities, and we should have a cooperation between the different subjects to have an overall evaluation and rehabilitation and to improve the prognosis.