海南省农村地区6岁以下儿童的贫血现状及影响因素分析

目的:了解海南农村地区6岁以下儿童的贫血状况及特征,并对相关影响因素进行分析。方法:采用分层随机抽样法于2007～2008年对中国海南省10个项目县的3 041名6岁以下儿童进行血红蛋白测定及其家庭基本情况调查,应用SPSS 18.0统计软件对数据资料进行分析,根据世界卫生组织和联合国儿童基金会提出的6月龄～6岁以下儿童血红蛋白<110 g/L作为儿童贫血诊断标准。结果:海南项目地区6岁以下儿童贫血患病率总体为11.4%,其中五指山市患病率最高达20.7%,琼海市最低5.5%。1～2岁是儿童贫血患病率的高峰时期,随着年龄的增加,贫血患病率也随之下降,不同民族间贫血患病率差异具有统计学意义。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,儿童年龄、性别、民族与儿童贫血有统计学联系,而父母的教育背景、家庭类型、儿童进餐方式、出生体重、开始添加辅食月龄、断奶月龄与儿童贫血无统计学联系。结论:海南农村地区部分儿童存在有不同程度的贫血现象,尤以1～2岁儿童最为多见,年龄、性别、民族是造成海南农村地区儿童贫血患病率差异的主要因素。

Analysis on the current situation and effect factors of anemia among the children under six years in rural areas of Hainan province

Objective:To understand the current situation and characteristics of anemia among the children under six years in rural areas of Hainan province,analyze the related effect factors.Methods:A stratified random sampling method was used to select 3 041 children under six years from ten project counties in Hainan province from 2007 to 2008.All the children received hemoglobin detection and investigation of familial general conditions.The data were analyzed by SPSS 18.0 statistical software,hemoglobin level<110 g/L was designed as the diagnostic criterion of anemia among the children aged six months-six years which was proposed by WHO and UNCF.Results:The total incidence of anemia among the children under six years in project counties of Hainan province was 11.4%,the incidence of anemia among the children under six years in Wuzhishan city was the highest(20.7%) and the incidence of anemia among the children under six years in Qionghai city was the lowest(5.5%).The children aged 1-2 years had high incidence of anemia,and the incidence of anemia decreased with age,there was significant difference in the incidence of anemia among the children of different nationalities.The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that there was statistical correlation between age,gender,nationality and anemia among the children,but there was no correlation between parental educational levels,familial types,feeding types of the children,birth weight,the time to add complementary feed,the weaning time and anemia among the children.Conclusion:Some children in rural areas of Hainan province were found with anemia,especially the children aged 1-2 years;age,gender,and nationality are the main factors causing the difference of incidence of anemia among the children in rural areas.