Vitamin C and vitamin E antagonistically modulate human vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cell DNA synthesis and proliferation |
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Authors: | Gudrun Ulrich-Merzenich Christine Metzner Beate Schiermeyer Hans Vetter |
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Institution: | (1) Medizinische Poliklinik, University of Bonn, Wilhelmstr. 35–37, 53111 Bonn, Germany, Tel.: +49-2 28/2 87-25 55, Fax: +49-2 28/2 87-22 66, E-Mail: Gudrun.Ulrich-Merzenich@ukb.uni-bonn.de, DE |
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Abstract: | Summary
Background Vitamin C and E are suggested to play a preventive role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. They reduce oxidation of
low density lipoproteins (oxLDL), thereby protecting human vascular arterial endothelial and smooth muscle cells from oxLDL
induced damages. Aims of the Study Since vascular arterial endothelial and smooth muscle cells are both involved in atherosclerotic plaque formation, we simultaneously
examined the effect of vitamin C, E and oxLDL on their DNA synthesis and proliferation to further elucidate their joint role
in this process. Methods Human umbilical arterial endothelial cells (HUAEC) and human arterial smooth muscle cells (HUASMC) were incubated with “preventive
concentrations” of vitamin C (60μM) and E (30μM) and with LDL (60μg/ml) of increasing oxidation grade. Cell proliferation
and DNA synthesis were determined by cell count and 3H]-thymidine uptake, respectively. Results Vitamin C alone or in combination with E increased significantly cell number and 3H]-thymidine uptake in HUAEC. The combination exhibited the strongest effect. In contrast, cell number and 3H]-thymidine uptake in HUASMC were significantly decreased in the presence of vitamin C, vitamin E or its combination. OxLDL
(60 μg/ml) inhibited cell number and 3H]-thymidine uptake in HUAECs, the latter in an oxidation-grade dependent manner. In HUASMC oxLDL promoted a higher cell number
and 3H]-thymidine uptake. If induced by minimally oxLDL, this reduc-tion or increase could be partially reversed by vitamin C alone
or in combination with vitamin E. Conclusion Vitamin C and E, alone or in combination, modulate proliferation and DNA synthesis of human arterial endothelial and muscle
cells and this modulation is antagonistic. Thus, vitamin C and E may act “preventive” on atherosclerotic plaque formation
in two steps: first reendothelialisation is promoted, then HUASMC growth is inhibited.
Received: 23 August 2001, Accepted: 8 January 2002 |
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Keywords: | Reendothelialisation – smooth muscle cells – lipoproteins – vitamin E and C |
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