福建省2012年肾综合征出血热疫情及宿主动物监测分析

目的 掌握福建省肾综合征出血热（HFRS）疫情动态,为防治工作提供科学依据.方法 对全省疫情报告进行统计分析;采用笼夜法捕鼠,计算鼠密度及鼠种构成,应用间接免疫荧光法对鼠肺进行汉坦病毒抗原检测及分型.结果 2012年福建省报告HFRS患者373例,发病率为1.0027/10万.疫情分布于61个县（市、区）,但主要集中在南平、福州、泉州及宁德市.松溪县、周宁县、邵武市和郑和县发病率位居全省县（市、区）前列.啮齿动物监测显示：室内平均鼠密度为5.32％,褐家鼠为主要鼠种,携带汉城型病毒.混合型疫区野外平均鼠密度为3.62％,针毛鼠为主要鼠种.首次从将乐县褐家鼠和黄胸鼠以及武平县褐家鼠中检出汉坦病毒抗原.结论 福建省HFRS的主要宿主动物仍以褐家鼠为主.2012年福建省HFRS疫情有明显上升,松溪和周宁县HFRS发病率接近高发县水平,应切实做好灭鼠工作,对重点人群推广使用HFRS双价疫苗,减少发病,严防疾病暴发流行.

Epidemiological surveillance of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and associated reservoir hosts during 2012 in Fujian province,China

Objective To elucidate the epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome （HFRS） and associated reservoir hosts in Fujian province, China and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of this disease. Methods The data on the epidemic situation of HFRS in Fujian province were subjected to statistical analysis. Rodents were captured using cages at night, and the population density and species composition of captured rodents were determined. Hantavirus antigen was detected and identified from rodent lungs by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Results A total of 373 cases of HFRS were reported in Fujian in 2012, with an incidence of 1.0027/100 000. The cases distributed in 61 counties, county-level cities, or districts, particularly in cities of Nanping, Fuzhou, Quanzhou, and Ningde. The incidence of HFRS was the highest in counties of Songxi, Zhouning, Shaowu, and Zhenghe. The surveillance of rodent populations showed that the mean trap catch rate was 5.32% indoors. The Norway rat （Rattus norvegicus）, the reservoir of Soul virus, was the predominant species. In the mixed epidemic area, the mean trap catch rate of rodents was 3.62% in the field, and R. fulvescens was the predominant species. HFRS virus antigen was detected for the first time from R. norvegicus and R. tanezumi in county of Jiangle and R. norvegicus in county of Wuping. Conclusion R. norvegicus is still the main reservoir host of HFRS in Fujian. In 2012, the incidence of HFRS in Fujian increased significantly, especially in counties of Songxi county and Zhouning. Integrated rodent management should be implemented, and HFRS bivalent vaccine should be widely administered among the high-risk populations, so as to reduce the incidence and prevent the outbreak of HFRS.