腓血管蒂腓骨嵌合组织瓣设计的解剖学基础

目的　为腓血管蒂腓骨嵌合组织瓣设计提供解剖学依据。 方法　用30侧成人下肢标本，以腓骨头和外踝为标志，将小腿分为上、中、下3区段解剖观测：①腓动脉起源、走行与分支；②腓动脉各区段肌（隔）穿支、骨膜支数目与分布。另1侧新鲜标本摹拟手术设计。  结果    腓动脉源于胫后动脉，移行为跟外侧动脉，中下段贴腓骨后面走行，沿途分支至邻近骨、肌肉和小腿外侧皮肤。其中：①腓骨骨膜支：（2~8）支、外径0.5~1.1 mm，分布腓骨中下1/3段骨膜：②胫骨骨膜支：（1~3）支、外径0.6~0.8 mm，营养胫骨中、下1/3段后面骨膜； ③肌（隔）穿支：（4~8）支、外径1.0~1.6 mm，支配小腿外侧中下段皮肤，并与胫前、胫后动脉皮支吻合。  结论　以腓动脉为蒂可设计腓骨嵌合组织瓣，依需要选择一种或多种嵌合组织瓣修复骨合并软组织缺损。

Anatomical basis for design of the chimeric fibular composite flap based on the peroneal artery

Objective　To provide anatomical basis for design of the chimeric fibular composite flap based on the peroneal artery.　Methods　30 cadaveric lower extremities were used for this study. The fibular head and the lateral malleolus were used as the landmarks and the calves were divided into the upper, middle and lower segments, respectively. Dissection of the calves was carried out and the following contents were investigated: ①The origin, course and branches of the peroneal arteries; ②The number of the musculocutaneous or septocutaneous perforators of the three segments and the periosteal branches from the peroneal arteries.   Results   The peroneal  artery originated from the tibial artery and travelled immediately posteriorly to the fibular bone after it coursed to the middle segment of the fibular. It continued as the lateral calcaneal artery, giving off the branches to nourish the adjacent bones, muscles, and the skin on the lateral aspect of the lower leg. Among the branches given off, 2 to 8 branches were to the periosteum of the middle and lower 1/3 of the fibular bone, averaging 0.5 to 1.1 in diameter, which were termed fibular periosteal arteries; 1 to 3 branches were to the middle and lower 1/3 of the tibial periosteum, averaging 0.6 to 0.8 in diameter, which were termed tibial periostal arteries; 4 to 8 branches were the musculocutaneous or septocutnaoues perforators supplying the skin on the lateral aspect of the middle and lower segments of the lower leg. After piercing the deep fascia, the septocutaneous perforators anastomosed with the perforators from the anterior and posterior tibial arteries. Conclusions  It is anatomically feasible to harvest the chimeric fibular composite flap based on the peroneal artery, depending on the practical clinical needs;one type or multiple types of chimeric flaps can be harvested to reconstruct combined defects of bone and soft tissue.