环境与先天泌尿系统畸形的若干问题

肾脏及泌尿系统的发育受基因-环境-生活方式等多重因素（包括内因和外因）的影响，其中外因主要是指环境因素。该文针对与先天性泌尿系统畸形相关的环境因素进行综述，得出的结论是：先天性泌尿系统畸形的发生与低出生体重、母孕期疾病、胎盘功能不良、母孕期不良药物摄入、母孕期环境杀虫剂暴露、气候等因素相关，并可受到居住环境、家庭收入和教育程度等社会经济因素的影响。

Environment and congenital urinary malformations

The development of the kidneys and other organs of the urinary tract follows the natural rule of gene–environment–lifestyle interaction. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors may be associated with the etiology of various kinds of urinary malformations, but the environmental factor is an extrinsic factor. Related literatures were reviewed in this paper, which focuses on the association of congenital urinary malformations with possible environmental factors. It is concluded that urinary malformation is associated with low birth weight, maternal disease, placental insufficiency, maternal drug exposure, and maternal exposure to environmental pesticides. Living environment and socioeconomic factors may also influence the incidence of urinary malformation.