儿童社区获得性肺炎1 613例病原学特点分析

目的 了解重庆地区儿童社区获得性肺炎(CAP)患儿病原分布及特点。方法 选取2014年1~12月住院治疗的1 613例CAP患儿为研究对象,采集患儿的鼻咽抽吸物进行细菌培养、呼吸道7种病毒及肺炎支原体检测,并对其特点进行分析。结果 1 613例患儿中,有810例细菌检出阳性,阳性率为50.22%,其中检出副流感嗜血杆菌346株(40.8%),肺炎链球菌252株(29.7%),卡他莫拉菌62株(7.3%);病毒阳性者559例,阳性率为34.66%,其中检出呼吸道合胞病毒342株(58.3%),副流感病毒3 102株(17.4%),腺病毒84株(14.3%);MP阳性者481例,阳性率为29.82%;病原体混合感染检出519例(32.18%),以细菌、病毒混合检出为主(47.4%)。结论 副流感嗜血杆菌为重庆地区CAP住院患儿感染的首位细菌病原,RSV为首位病毒病原,支原体感染亦较为普遍,混合感染以细菌、病毒混合感染为主。

Pathogen detection of 1 613 cases of hospitalized children with community acquired pneumonia

Objective To investigate the distribution of pathogens of children with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) from the Chongqing area. Methods Nasopharyngeal specimens and blood specimens of 1 613 children with CAP were collected between January 2014 and December 2014 for bacterial culture and detection of 7 respiratory viruses and antibodies against Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP). Results The overall positive rate of bacteria was 50.22% (810 cases). Hemophilus parainfluenzae (40.8%), Streptococcus pneumonia (29.7%) and Moraxelle catarrhalis (7.3%) were the predominant ones. Among the viruses, the top detected virus was respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, 58.3%), followed by parainfluenza virus type3 (17.4%) and adenovirus (14.3%). A total of 481 cases (29.82%) were MP-positive. The co-infection rate was 32.18% (519 cases), and the mixed infections of bacteria and viruses were common (47.4%). Conclusions RSV and Hemophilus parainfluenzae are the major pathogens of CAP in children from the Chongqing area. MP is also an important pathogen. The co-infection of bacteria and viruses is prevalent.