儿童结核病的诊治进展

结核病是一种严重危害人类健康的慢性传染性疾病，临床表现不典型，尚缺乏灵敏度较高的有效检查手段，临床诊断难度较大。由于多重耐药性结核菌株（MDR-TB）的产生及儿童用药的局限性，以致儿童结核病的治疗愈加困难。该文就儿童结核杆菌感染的流行病学史、临床表现、结核菌素皮肤试验、影像学检查、实验室检查等与结核病诊断有关的研究进展以及治疗措施在近些年的发展做一综述。

Recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of childhood tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease that seriously harms human health and wellbeing. Given its atypical clinical manifestations, TB is hard to be diagnosed in clinical settings; to date no highly sensitive screening approaches are available. Due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of TB (MDR-TB) and limited options for medications in children, the treatment of TB is even more challenging in pediatric patients. This paper aims to comprehensively review the literature on the recent advances in the research on the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of TB, on TB diagnostic approaches (e.g., tuberculin skin test, imaging studies, and laboratory tests), and on TB treatment in children.