三峡农村地区高血压流行及防治现状

目的 了解三峡夷陵农村地区高血压流行和防控状况。方法 于2007年在宜昌市夷陵区的农村人群进行现况调查,采用标准化的问卷收集居民一般人口学情况、高血压患病和治疗情况,并进行血压测量。高血压定义为收缩压≥140 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)和（或）舒张压≥90mm Hg或正在接受高血压药物治疗,高血压患者控制达标标准为收缩压和舒张压分别＜140 mm Hg和＜ 90 mm Hg。结果 共调查35岁及以上者9618人（应答率为81.3％）,其中19.7％为三峡大坝建设后靠移民（坝区内安置）。年龄标化高血压总患病率为37.3％,其中35 ～44岁、45 ～ 59岁和60岁及以上患病率分别为21.3％、39.8％和58.0％。男性标化患病率(39.1％)及35 ～44岁年龄组患病率(27.0％)明显高于女性（上述患病率分别为36.3％和17.8％,P均＜0.01）。年龄标化男性高血压的知晓率、治疗率和控制率分别为18.5％、9.0％、0.9％,女性分别为23.5％、13.6％、2.0％,男性上述三率明显低于女性（P均＜0.01）。在接受治疗的高血压患者中,其控制率也仅为17.0％。高血压患病率、知晓、治疗和控制情况在移民和非移民间差异无统计学意义。结论 三峡地区夷陵农村高血压患病率高,知晓率、治疗率和控制率低,急需加强高血压预防和控制措施。

Epidemiological characteristics and control status of hypertension in rural area of the Three Gorges

Objective To evaluate the epidemiological features and control status of hypertension in rural area of The Three Gorges. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out in mral area of Yiling District, Yichang City, which was located north-west bank of Xiling Gorges in 2007. A standard structure questionnaire was used to collect data on the hypertension history and treatment, social-economic status and life-styles, and so on. Blood pressure was measured by trained observers using standardized mercury sphygmomanometer. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mm Hg( 1 mm Hg =0. 133kPa) and/or diastolic ≥90 mm Hg, or current treatment with antihypertensive medications. Hypertension control was defined as blood pressure levels of less than 140/90 mm Hg. Results A total of 9618 residents aged 35 years and above were included ( response rate: 81.3％ ), and 19. 7％ residents were the Three Gorges migrants. The age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension was 37.3％ for all, and 21.3％, 39. 8％,58.0％ for aged 35-44, 45-59, ≥60 years, respectively. The age-adjusted rate was higher in men for all (39.1％) and aged 35-44 years (27.0％) than in women (36.3％ for all and 17.8％ for aged 35-44years, P ＜ 0. 01 ). The age-adjusted rate of awareness, treatment and control rates of hypertension were lower in men (18.5％, 9. 0％, 0.9％, respectively) than in women (23.5％, 13.6％, 2. 0％,respectively, all P ＜ 0.01 ).Among the participants with treated hypertension, the control rate of hypertension was only 17.0％. Prevalence and rate of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension were similar between migrants and non-migrants. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension is high, but the awareness, treatment, control rates were low in rural area of Yiling District. Efforts should be made to reduce the prevalence rate and to improve the control rate of hypertension in this area.