经黏膜下隧道内镜肿瘤切除术治疗源于固有肌层的上消化道黏膜下肿瘤初探

目的探讨经黏膜下隧道内镜肿瘤切除术（STER）治疗来源于上消化道固有肌层黏膜下肿瘤（SMTs）的疗效和安全性。方法对26例经超声内镜和CT诊断为来源于固有肌层的上消化道SMTs患者全麻下行STER治疗：（1）内镜寻找到肿瘤，并准确定位；（2）建立黏膜下隧道，显露肿瘤；（3）内镜直视下完整切除肿瘤；（4）缝合黏膜切口。结果来源于固有肌层的上消化道SMTs患者26例中，食管14例，贲门7例，胃5例。来源于固有肌层浅层者11例，深层者15例，其中2例胃SMTs与浆膜层粘连，密不可分。STER成功切除所有黏膜下肿瘤，完整切除率100％，切除病变直径1．0～3．2cm（平均1．9cm）。黏膜切开至黏膜切口完整缝合时间25～145min，平均68．5min；完整缝合创面所用金属夹4—6枚，平均5枚。术后病理诊断为平滑肌瘤17例，间质瘤7例，血管球瘤1例，神经鞘膜瘤1例；切缘均为阴性。发生皮下气肿2例，左侧气胸伴皮下气肿1例，气腹2例，均予保守治疗痊愈。术后无一例出现迟发性消化道出血、消化道漏和胸腔腹腔继发感染，无一例发生黏膜下隧道内积血积液和继发感染。随访3～9个月，无一例病变残留或复发。结论STER治疗来源于固有肌层的上消化道SMTs安全、有效，可以一次性完整切除病变，提供完整的病理学诊断资料，并可避免消化道漏和胸腔腹腔继发感染。

Submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection for upper gastrointestinal submucosal tumors originating from muscularis propria layer

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection (STER) for upper gastrointestinal (GI) submucosal tumors (SMTs) originating from the muscularis propria (MP) layer.Methods A total of 26 upper GI-SMTs originating from the MP layer were treated by STER after endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and CT examination.The lesions were localized endoscopically and a submucosal tunnel was created to expose the tumor.The lesion was then resected under direct endoscopic view and the mucosal incision site was closed with hemostatic clips.Results Of the 26 SMTs,14 were located at esophagus,7 at cardia and 5 at stomach,with 11 originated from superficial MP layer and 15 from deep MP layer ( including 2 gastric SMTs adherent with serosa).All lesions were successfully resected by STER with an en bloc resection rate of 100％.The average operation time was 68.5 min ( range 25-145min).Four to six (mean five) hemostatic clips were used to close the mucosal incision site.The average lesion size was 1.8 cm ( range 1.0-3.2 cm).The pathology results were 17 leiomyomas,7 stromal tumors (GISTs),1 glomus tumor and 1 Schwannoma.All resected lesions showed both lateral and vertical tumorfree margins.Subcutaneous emphysema occurred in 2 patients (7.7％ ).One patient (3.8％ ) developed left pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema,and 2 others (7.7％) pneumoperitoneum.All of them recovered uneventfully on conservative treatments.No delayed bleeding,GI tract leakage or secondary peritoneal/thoracial infection occurred.None of the 26 cases developed submucosal hematoma or infection.No tumor residual or recurrence was found during follow-up period (range 3-9 months).Conclusion STER is a safe,efficacious and feasible new method for providing accurate histopathological evaluations,as well as radical treatments for upper GI-SMTs from the MP layer.It can regain the mucosal integrity of the GI tract,preventing leakage and secondary infection.