学龄前孤独症谱系儿童对人物面部表情的识别特征

目的:测试学龄前孤独症儿童对人物静态面部表情的识别能力和特点。方法:使用自制人物面部开心、吃惊、害怕、生气、讨厌、伤心、中性七种表情图,对13例4～8岁孤独症男童和23例3～5岁正常对照组男童进行了测试分析,两组儿童在发展年龄上作了匹配(3.66±0.44岁)。结果:两组儿童在识别七种表情照片的正确率上无显著性差异(P>0.05);各表情类别识认比较,孤独症组识别伤心、害怕、讨厌及吃惊表情正确率高于对照儿童(P<0.05);孤独症组识别表情的正确率依次是:开心>伤心>生气>害怕>讨厌>吃惊>中性;而对照组则为:开心>生气>伤心>害怕>中性>讨厌>吃惊。结论:孤独症儿童对七种面部表情的命名性识别与正常儿童无明显差异,但识别基本面部表情的模式与正常儿童有所不同。

Facial Expression Discrimination of Autism Spectum Disorder

Objective: To test the ability of facial expression discrimination in children with autism spectrum disorders. Methods: Static basic facial expression photos, including happy, sad, angry, surprised, frightened, disgusted and neutral expressions, were presented to the participants in order to see whether he could identify them or not. Participants were 13 children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and 23 normal children who match ASD participants with gender and developmental age. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in facial expression discrimination (P<0.05). Besides that, ASD group showed better performance in completing sad, frightened, disgusted and surprised facial expression discrimination tasks (P<0.05). The discrimination rate of facial expression in ASD group was as follows: happy>sad>angry>frightened>disgusted>surprised>neural; while in the normal group: happy>angry>sad>frightened>neural>disgusted>surprised. Conclusion: ASD show no significant deficits in completing seven basic facial expression discrimination tasks, and the pattern of recognizing basic facial expression of ASD is different from that of normal children.