The effectiveness of the nationwide BokSmart rugby injury prevention program on catastrophic injury rates

Rugby Union (“rugby”) participants have a higher than average risk of injury compared with participants of other popular team sports. BokSmart, a nationwide injury prevention program was launched in South Africa in mid‐2009, with the goal of reducing catastrophic head/neck (serious) injuries in players. The program provides injury prevention information to coaches and referees. This study investigated if BokSmart has been associated with a reduction in these injuries. The BokSmart program collected data on all South African rugby‐related serious injuries since 2008. Using a Poisson regression, injury numbers were compared pre‐BokSmart (2008–2009) to the years post‐implementation (2010–2013). Player numbers were assumed to be constant throughout this evaluation: junior = 529 483; senior = 121 663. In junior players, the “post‐BokSmart” period had 2.5 less annual serious injuries than “pre‐BokSmart” (incidence rate ratio: 0.6, 95% confidence interval: 0.5–0.7, P < 0.000). In contrast, there was no significant difference in these periods in seniors. The absence of effect in seniors may be a result of fewer players or of differences in effectiveness of BokSmart in this group – future studies should investigate these questions.