北京地区79例婴幼儿诺如病毒腹泻的临床特点分析

目的分析婴幼儿诺如病毒腹泻的发病特点，为临床诊断提供依据。方法对2002年1月至2006年12月在首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院就诊的318例急性腹泻患儿采集粪便标本，用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测粪便诺如病毒抗原，同时用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（PAGE）检测轮状病毒。结果经检测的318份粪便标本中，诺如病毒阳性标本共79份，阳性检出率为24．8％（79/318）。其中有48例在10-12月份检出，占阳性标本的60．8％（48/79）。2岁以内患儿占91．2％。有16例同时合并轮状病毒感染。经统计学分析，轮状病毒混合感染组与单纯诺如病毒感染组在发热的严重程度上有差异，但是在腹泻严重程度上的差异无统计学意义。诺如病毒阳性患儿中有14例是以其他疾病住院，分别于住院1-11d出现腹泻。结论诺如病毒是引起婴幼儿急性腹泻的病原之一，也是医院内感染性腹泻的病因之一。

Clinical manifestations of norovirns gastroenteritis in infants and children

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical manifestations for norovirus gastroenteritis in infants and young children. METHODS: Stool specimens were collected from infants and children with acute diarrhea who visited the affiliated Children's Hospital to Capital Institute of Pediatrics from January 2002 to December 2006. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect human norovirus antigen in stool specimens and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was performed to detect rotavirus genome. RESULTS: Out of the 318 specimens under testing, 79 showed positive for norovirus antigen, with a positive rate of 24.8% (79/318). Among those positive specimens, 48(48/79, 60.8%) were detected in October to December, suggesting the seasonal preference of the virus. Most of the positive specimens (91.2%) were from those under 2 years of age. Rotavirus genome were detected from 16 out of 79 norovirus positive specimens (16/79, 20.3%), indicating those patients were co-infected by these two viruses. There was significant difference found in the severity of fever but not in the frequencies of diarrhea between rotavirus and norovirus co-infection group and noroviral infection group. Fourteen out of 79 norovirus positive patients were admitted to hospitals under the diagnosis other than gastroenteritis but started to develop symptoms of diarrhea between 1 to 11 days after hospitalization. CONCLUSION: Norovirus seemed one of the most important pathogens for acute diarrhea among infants and young children and could cause nosocomial infectious gastroenteritis.