基于眼部影像的神经退行性疾病分析研究进展

由于视网膜与视神经的发展起源于大脑，因此具有类似大脑的结构和功能特性。研究中枢视神经系统疾病在视网膜上的表现有利于探索脑眼的互动机制。作为中枢神经系统的延伸，视网膜包含神经节细胞，其轴突形成视神经并进入中枢神经系统。因此，视网膜在结构性、功能性上可作为神经退行性疾病的观察镜像。随着成像技术的发展，光学相干断层(血流)成像技术以其易操作、低成本的特性成为眼科临床诊断的主流工具。近年来，探寻神经退行性疾病，尤其是阿尔兹海默症、帕金森病和多发性硬化等疾病，在眼部光学相干断层图像中生物标记逐渐成为一个新兴研究方向。本文归纳总结了近十年来基于视网膜影像的神经退行性疾病分析研究进展，并进行了展望，为后续研究提供铺垫和启发。

Ocular images for neurodegenerative disease analysis

Retina and optic nerve both originate in brain, therefore they have the similar structure and functional characteristics of the brain. Exploring the performance of the central optic nervous disorder on the retina will be beneficial to uncovering the interaction mechanism between brain and eye. As an extension of the central nervous system, the retina contains ganglion cell, a special neuron, whose axon form the optic nerve and has access into the central nervous system. Therefore, the retina can be used as a mirror reflecting neurodegenerative diseases structurally and functionally. With the development of imaging technology, optical coherence tomography(angiography)has become the mainstream tool for ophthalmological clinical diagnosis due to its easy operation and low cost. In recent years, discovering biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer''s disease, Parkinson''s disease, multiple sclerosis and so on, in the retinal optical coherence tomography images has gradually become an emerging research direction. In this review, we summarized the research progress of neurodegenerative diseases analysis based on the retinal images in the past decade, and provide a prospect to inspire further research as far as possible.