上海市郊区2型糖尿病患者肾脏疾病及其危险因素研究

目的 了解上海市郊区2型糖尿病患者肾脏疾病的患病率、病因及其危险因素.方法 2008年11月至2009年3月以上海市郊区某社区2型糖尿病患者为研究对象,通过问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检查,采集研究对象的社会人口学特征、一般情况和肾脏疾病的相关证据.结果 共1487例符合入选标准的2型糖尿病患者进入研究,1421例资料完整,其中男579例(40.75％),女842例(59.25％),年龄37 ～86(61.33 ±9.65)岁,糖尿病病程0.25 ～43.92(7.85±6.34)年.43.42％患者并发糖尿病视网膜病变,21.18％有糖尿病周围神经病变;69.95％合并高血压,76.07％合并高脂血症,15.55％有高尿酸血症,23.65％有心血管事件病史.空腹血糖达标率57.71％,糖化血红蛋白达标率33.99％,血压达标率14.22％,血脂达标率2.46％.肾脏疾病总体患病率为41.31％,临床诊断糖尿病肾病、非糖尿病肾病和不明原因肾功能减退的患病率分别为18.51％、13.44％和9.36％.高龄、糖尿病病程较长、高尿酸血症、糖尿病视网膜病变和血压未达标是2型糖尿病患者肾脏疾病的独立危险因素;高龄和血压未达标是糖尿病肾病的独立危险因素;高龄和高尿酸血症是糖尿病肾病患者肾功能减退的独立危险因素.结论 尽管本组2型糖尿病患者的病程较短,但包括糖尿病肾病在内的各种糖尿病并发症的患病率较高,合并症控制率较低.2型糖尿病患者的非糖尿病肾病常见,进一步明确诊断对防治有重要意义.积极控制血糖、血压、血脂和血尿酸是降低2型糖尿病患者糖尿病肾病和慢性肾脏病发病率的关键.

The prevalence and risk factors of kidney disease in type 2 diabetic patients in rural Shanghai

Objective To identify the prevalence and etiology of kidney disease and the related risk factors in type 2 diabetic patients in rural Shanghai.Methods A cross-sectional study in type 2 diabetic patients was conducted in a community of Shanghai.Questionnaire,clinical examination and laboratory tests were completed to collect the information about sociodemographic and healthcare characteristics.Results A total of 1421 eligible patients with complete information were screened from 1487 type 2 diabetic patients between November 2008 and March 2009.Of them,40.75％ were men,59.25％ were women,aged 37-86 (61.33 ± 9.65 ) years old,with diabetic duration of 0.25-43.92 (7.85 ± 6.34) years.Among them,43.42％ had diabetic retinopathy,21.18％ had neuropathy; 69.95％ met the screening definition for hypertension,76.07％ for hyperlipidemia,15.55％ for hyperuricemia and 23.65％ for cardiovascular disease.The control rates of fasting blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,blood pressure and serum cholesterol were 57.71％,33.99％,14.22％ and 2.46％,respectively.The prevalence of kidney disease,diabetic nephropathy and non-diabetic renal disease was 41.31％,18.51％ and 13.44％,respectively; and 9.36％ were diagnosed as renal insufficiency of unknown reasons.Age,diabetic duration,hyperuricemia,diabetic retinopathy and poor control of blood pressure were independently associated with kidney disease;age and poor control of blood pressure were independently associated with diabetic nephropathy; age and hyperuricemia were independent risk factors of renal insufficiency in patients with diabetic nephropathy.Conclusions Although the diabetic duration of these subjects is relatively short,the prevalence of complications including diabetic nephropathy is high.The high prevalence of non-diabetic renal disease shows the importance of further screening and diagnoses for prevention.Strict control of blood glucose,blood pressure,serum cholesterol and serum uric acid are key points of cutting down the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy and chronic kidney disease.