三城市两岁以下儿童食物过敏现状调查

目的 通过多中心大样本研究了解我国0～2岁儿童食物过敏现状.方法 将2009年1月至2月及2010年1月至5月在重庆、珠海、杭州3城市儿童保健机构进行常规体检的儿童依次纳入研究.家长填写问卷调查表,对所有纳入儿童进行皮肤点刺试验,筛查的10种食物抗原提取物,包括蛋白、蛋黄、牛奶、大豆、花生、小麦、鱼(海鱼)、虾(海虾)、橘子和胡萝卜.根据皮肤点刺试验和病史结果确定的可疑病例进行食物排除和食物激发试验,按激发试验结果确诊食物过敏.结果 3城市1687例0～2岁儿童中除83例失访外,共有1604例儿童(重庆550例,珠海573例,杭州481例)完成诊断过程.食物激发试验确诊食物过敏儿童100例(重庆40例,珠海33例,杭州27例).重庆、珠海、杭州儿童食物过敏检出率分别为7.3％,5.8％,5.6％,3城市儿童食物过敏平均检出率为6.2％,3城市间儿童食物过敏检出率差异无统计学意义(x2=1.058,P=0.304);最常见的食物过敏原均为鸡蛋(3.0％～4.4％),其次是牛奶(0.83％～3.5％)、虾(0.17％～0.42％)、鱼(0.17％ ～0.21％).结论我国3城市0～2岁儿童食物过敏检出率为5.6％ ～ 7.3％;3城市间儿童食物过敏检出率相近;最常见的食物过敏原为鸡蛋,其次是牛奶、虾和鱼.

Prevalence of food allergy in children under 2 years of age in three cities in China

Objective To estimate the prevalence and clinical features of food allergy in children aged 0-2 years.Method From January to February,2009 and January to May,2010,all well-infants and young children between the age of 0 and 2 years attending routine health visits at the Department of Primary Child Care,in Chongqing,Zhuhai and Hangzhou were invited to participate in the study.Parents completed questionnaires and all children were skin prick tested (SPT) to a panel of 10 foods (egg white,egg yolk,cow's milk,soybean,peanut,wheat,fish,shrimp,orange and carrot). Based on the results of SPT and medical history,the subjects under went the suspected food elimination and oral food challenge under medical supervision.Food allergy was confirmed by the food challenge test.Result Totally 1687 children were recruited by the consent of their parents.Of 1687 children approached,1604 (550 of Chongqing,573 of Zhuhai and 481 of Hangzhou) fulfilled the study criteria for diagnosing food allergy.One hundred children were confirmed to have challenge-proven food allergy in 3 cities (40 of Chongqing,33 of Zhuhai and 27 of Hangzhou).The prevalence of food allergy in 0-2 years old children in Chongqing was 7.3％,in Zhuhai was 5.8％ and in Hangzhou was 5.5％.There was no significant difference in the prevalence of food allergy in children under 2 years among the three cities,and the average prevalence for food allergy in children under 2 years was 6.2％.Egg(3.0％-4.4％ )was the most common allergen,followed by cow's milk (0.83％- 3.5％ ),shrimp(0.17％-0.42％ )and fish(0.17％-0.21％ ).Conclusion The prevalence of food allergy in 0-2 years old children in China was 5.5％ -7.3％.There was no significant difference in the prevalence of food allergy in children under 2 years of age among the three cities. Egg was the most common allergen,followed by cow's milk,shrimp and fish.