Transcranial direct current stimulation improves tinnitus perception and modulates cortical electrical activity in patients with tinnitus: A randomized clinical trial |
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Affiliation: | 1. Graduate Program in Cognitive Neuroscience and Behavior, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil;2. Graduate Program in Collective Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil;3. Department of Classical and Vernacular Letters, Federal University of Paraíba, Brazil;4. University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil;5. Ganz Sanches Institute of Integrated Otorhinolaryngology, São Paulo, Brazil |
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Abstract: | ObjectivesThis study aims to determine whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): a) is effective in the treatment of tinnitus by decreasing its annoyance and severity; b) modulates the cortical electrical activity of such individuals.MethodsA double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted with 24 patients with tinnitus, randomized into two groups: Group 1 (n = 12) received anodal tDCS over the left temporoparietal area (LTA) and cathodal tDCS over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and Group 2 (n = 12) received placebo intervention. Tinnitus perception using a visual analog scale (VAS) and the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) questionnaire, in addition to electroencephalogram (EEG) was measured with eyes opened and closed at baseline and after the intervention. For the treatment, patients were subjected to five consecutive sessions of tDCS with the anodal electrode over the LTA and cathodal electrode over the right DLPFC (7 × 5 cm, 2 mA for 20 min). tDCS was turned off after 30 s in the sham group.ResultsActive tDCS significantly improved tinnitus annoyance and severity. It was associated with decreased beta and theta EEG frequency bands with eyes opened and decreased alpha frequency with eyes closed. sLORETA identified changes in frequency bands in the frontal, temporoparietal, and limbic regions. Finally, there were negative correlations between baseline EEG frequency bands and tDCS-induced change in tinnitus annoyance and severity.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that tDCS modulates the EEG activity and alleviates tinnitus perception. This effect may be related to baseline EEG activity. |
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Keywords: | Electroencephalogram Neuromodulation Tinnitus Transcranial direct current stimulation |
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