我国肝癌"临床相"30年的变迁--原发性肝癌3 250例的对比研究

目的　反映 30年来我国原发性肝癌临床诊疗的进展。方法　收集 1996～ 1998年全国10个省市的 32 5 0例原发性肝癌临床资料进行分析 ,并与 30年前的 32 5 4例作对比。结果　平均年龄 (4 9± 12 )岁 ,男女性别之比为 2 3∶1。HBsAg阳性占 81 0 % ,抗HCV阳性占 13 2 %。甲胎蛋白正常占2 5 0 % ,升高者占 75 % ,>4 0 0 μg/L者占 4 4 6 %。实时超声、CT、MRI、肝动脉造影检查的阳性率分别为 97 6 %、98 7%、94 8%和 95 5 %。肝细胞癌占 91 8%。病期 :早、中、晚三期分别占 2 9 9%、5 1 5 %和 18 6 %。手术切除的比例占 4 6 3%。全组患者的 1、3、5年生存率分别为 6 6 1%、39 7%和 32 5 %。早期患者的 1、3、5年生存率分别为 93 5 %、70 1%和 5 9 1%。中期患者的 1、3、5年生存率分别为6 5 3%、30 5 %和 2 3 5 %。晚期病人的半年、1年生存率为 5 2 5 %、14 7%。结论　与 30年前的资料相比 ,我国原发性肝癌“临床相”有显著的变化 ,可以归结为 :由于诊断水平的提高 ,一大批早期肝癌被确诊 ,而晚期肝癌明显减少。手术切除比例增加 ,非手术疗法进步 ,使肝癌患者生存期获得了显著的延长 ,明显地改善了肝癌的临床表现和预后。

Changes of clinical aspect of primary liver cancer in China during the past 30 years--control study for 3,250 cases with primary liver cancer

OBJECTIVE: To study the changes of the clinical aspects of primary liver cancer (PLC) during the past 30 years. METHODS: The clinical data of 3,250 patients with PLC, from 10 regions of China were collected, analyzed, and compared with the clinical data of 3254 PLC cases 30 years before. RESULTS: The 3,250 patients were aged 1- 80, with an average age of 49.1 years, younger than those 30 years before (43.7 years). The male to female ratio was 2.3:1, lower than that 30 years before (7.7:1). 73.5% of them sought medical advice within 3 months after the onset in comparison of 63.8% 30 years before. Compared with those 30 years before the symptoms and signs were alleviated in general. The HBsAg positive rate was 81.0%, the HCV-Ag positive rate was 13.2%, and the alpha-fetoprotein positive rate was 75%. 1912 cases underwent pathological examination of which 91.8% were diagnosed as with hepatocellular carcinoma. The overall resection rate was 46,3%. Those of early, median, and late stages accounted for 29.9%, 51.5%, and 18.6% respectively in comparison with the rates of 0.4%, 47.0%, and 52.6% 30 years before. The one-year survival rate, three-year survival rate, and five-year survival rate were 66.1%, 39.7%, and 32.5% respectively for the whole group, 93.5%, 70.1%, and 59.1% for the early stage patients, and 65.3%, 30.5%, and 23.5% respectively for the median stage patients. The half-year survival rate and one-year survival rate of the late stage patients were 52.5% and 14.7% respectively. Compared with the data 30 years before a lower percentages of the patients died of hepatic coma, hemorrhage of upper digestive tract and hemorrhage due to rupture of tumor, and a higher percentage of then died of asthenia universalis and other causes. CONCLUSION: In comparison with the situation 30 years ago, PLC can be diagnosed earlier. More patients undergo resection. The prognosis of PLC has been improved greatly.