离退休老年人抑郁障碍的影响因素: 1000名调查分析

背景:老年抑郁障碍是老年人常见的一种心理障碍,可导致机体各种功能的减退,对老年人及其家庭危害很大。目的:探讨离退休老年抑郁障碍的影响因素,为加强对离退休老年人的精神护理,降低老年人抑郁障碍患病率提供基础依据。设计:抽样调查。单位:华北煤炭医学院护理系。对象:2002-08/12调查唐山市市区居住的离退休老年人1000例。其中男574人,女426人;年龄60～88岁,平均年龄67.04岁;已婚者851人,离婚者10人,丧偶者139人;小学及以下的159人,初中362人,高中280人,大专及以上199人。方法:使用老年抑郁量表和个人一般情况调查表。采取家庭访问调查的方法完成问卷调查工作。调查前向患者说明了调查目的和方法,填写《知情同意书》,调查采取了无记名调查形式。严格培训调查员并经考核合格,保证了调查结果的一致性。调查前进行了预实验调查,检测有无难懂的词句、选项,避免信息偏倚。调查时一般请老年人自填量表,如老年人填写有困难,由调查人员为老人读题后依据老人的选择代其填写,问卷当场收回。主要观察指标:①不同年龄、性别、文化程度离退休老年人抑郁障碍患病情况。②不同婚姻状况抑郁障碍患病率。结果:发放问卷1000份,回收有效问卷1000份。①抑郁患病率未见有随年龄增加而增加的趋势。②女性抑郁障碍患病率明显高于男性(27.0%,18.6%,P<0.05)。③小学及以下文化程度,初中,高中,大专及以上文化程度老年人患病率为33.9%,22.1%,20.0%,16.1%。随文化程度升高,抑郁患病率下降(P<0.05)。④退休老年人抑郁障碍患病率明显高于离休老年人(25.4%,13.6%,P<0.05)。⑤离婚者抑郁程度远高于有配偶者和丧偶者(50.0%,21.2%,26.6%,P<0.05)。结论:离退休老年人抑郁障碍患病率较高,要重视对离退休老年人的精神保健及社会支持,特别是对离婚老年人要格外关注。

An investigation of influencing factors for depressive disorder in 1 000 retired cadres and people

BACKGROUND: Geriatric depressive disorder is a common psychological disorder in elderly people, and it can lead to the decline of various organic functions, and it also does great harm to elderly people and their family.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influencing factors of depressive disorder in retired cadres and people, so as to provide basic evidence for enhancing the mental nursing in retired cadres and people and reducing the prevalence of geriatric depressive disorder.DESIGN: A sampling survey.SETTING: Department of Nursing, North China Coal Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: Between August and December 2002, 1 000 retired cadres and people living in the urban area of Tangshan city were investigated. There were 574 males and 426 females, aged from 60-88 years, the average age was 67.04 years, 851 of them were married, 10 were divorced and 139 had lost their spouses: the educational level was primary school and below in 159 cases, junior middle school in 362 cases, senior middle school in 280 cases, university and above in 199 cases.METHODS: The elderly people were investigated with the geriatric depression scale (GDS) and individual general information inventory by means of family visit. The investigative purpose and methods were introduced to the subjects before the investigation, and they all signed the informed consent, the form of without recording name was used. The strictly trained investigators were qualified by examination, which ensured the concordance of the investigative results. The pretesting was performed before the investigation to detect whether there were words,sentencesand items hard to understand, so as to avoid the information bias. The questionnaires were filled by the elderly people themselves or by the investigator if there was any difficulty for the elderly people in writing according to the their choice after reading the questions for them.in retired cadres and people of different age, gender and educational level:ferent marriage status.RESULTS: Totally 1 000 questionnaires were sent out, and 1 000 valid der was obviously higher in females than in males (27.0%, 18.6%, P ＜ 0.05).ple with the educational level of primary school and below, junior middle school, senior middle school, university and above were 33.9%, 22.1%,20.0%, 16.1% respectively, and it was decreased with the elevation of emarkedly higher in retired people than in retired cadres (25.4%, 13.6%,higher than in those having or had lost spouse (50.0%, 21.2%, 26.6%, P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: The prevalence of depressive disorder is higher in retired cadres and people. More attentions should be given to the mental health care and social support of retired cadres and people, especially for the divorced ones.