Evolution of the Leishmania braziliensis species complex from amplified fragment length polymorphisms,and clinical implications |
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| Authors: | Samwel Odiwuor Nicolas Veland Ilse Maes Jorge Arévalo Jean-Claude Dujardin Gert Van der Auwera |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium;2. Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru;3. Center for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya;4. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium;1. Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;3. Khanevadeh Hospital, Tehran, Iran;4. Department of Dermatology, Skin Research Center, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;1. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;2. Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;3. Laboratório de Pesquisas em Leishmanioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;1. Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Departamento de Biología Molecular, Nicolás Cabrera 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;2. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz (Fundação Oswaldo Cruz- FIOCRUZ) 40.296-710 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil;3. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina and Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil;4. Research & Development Department, Laboratorios LETI S.L.u., 28760 Madrid, Spain;1. Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Hospital General de México, Dr. Balmis 148, Colonia Doctores, 06726, Mexico D.F., Mexico;2. Laboratorios de Vigilancia e Investigación Epidemiológica, Coordinación de Vigilancia Epidemiológica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México D.F., Mexico;1. Laboratorio de Fisiología Animal, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida 5101, Venezuela;2. Laboratorio de Enzimología de Parásitos, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida 5101, Venezuela;3. Centro de Microscopia Electrónica “Dr. Ernesto Palacios-Prü”, Vicerrectorado Académico, Universidad de los Andes, Mérida 5101, Venezuela;1. Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), Rua da Junqueira, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal;2. Centro de Malária e outras Doenças Tropicais (CMDT), IHMT/UNL, Lisboa, Portugal;3. Unidade de Parasitologia e Microbiologia Médicas (UPMM), IHMT/UNL, Lisboa, Portugal;4. Institut für Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Dorotheenstrasse 96, D-10098 Berlin, Germany;5. Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Escola de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto-Douro, P.O. Box 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;6. Parasite Disease Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal;7. Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina, Universidade do Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal |
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| Abstract: | In order to get more insight into its evolution and geographical distribution, we investigated the Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis species complex using amplified fragment length polymorphisms and sequencing of a heat-shock protein 70 gene fragment. Previously, several assays had alluded to the high genetic diversity of the group, and single-locus assays typically identified two species, i.e. L. braziliensis and Leishmania peruviana, with occasional genetic signatures of both in the same strain. By analysis of 53 parasite isolates from Peru, and eight additional ones from other countries, we identified an atypical L. braziliensis cluster, and confirmed the origin of L. peruviana from the L. braziliensis cluster during the colonization of the western Andean coastal valleys. We discuss the clinical and taxonomical implications of our findings in relation to currently used species typing assays. |
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