多发性骨髓瘤患者骨病自我管理调查及护理干预实践

目的:探讨多发性骨髓瘤(MM)患者骨病自我管理状况,分析其影响因素,并制定干预对策。方法:以我院临床确诊伴有骨病的321例MM住院患者为研究对象,在患者第一次住院时采用访谈法收集患者骨病相关资料并填写调查表,对调查的结果进行分析,根据分析结果,制订护理对策。患者第二次住院时再次调查同样内容,与第一次住院时调查结果进行比较。结果:多发性骨髓瘤患者骨病患者自我管理能力与年龄、文化程度等因素有关(P<0.01)。经过护理指导后,对骨病的认识程度、药物治疗的依从性及饮食习惯的改变、日常运动等方面均有了明显提高。结论:在对MM伴骨病患者的管理过程中,应结合患者的实际情况为不同层次的患者提供相应的疾病信息,以有针对性地提高患者的自我管理能力,改善健康状况。

Self-management in patients with myeloma bone disease and influencing factors

Objective： To investigate self-management level in patients with myeloma bone disease,analyze its influencing factors and explore effective interventions.Methods： A total of 321 multiple myeloma patients with bone problem were included in this study.Patients were surveyed on their self management information about myeloma bone disease during their first hospitalization.Nursing interventions were established according to the results of these data.Education of disease related information,telephone communication and clinical follow up were implemented to manage these patients.During second hospitalization,patients received the second survey and the effect of nursing methods was evaluated.Results： At baseline,patients＇ self-management level was low,and was related to age and education level（P0.01）.After the nursing intervention,some self management behaviors improved,such as knowledge about bone disease,therapy compliance,diet habits and daily exercise.Conclusion： Personalized education was important to increase self management abilities and improve health status of patients with myeloma bone disease.