microRNA与急性淋巴细胞性白血病关系的研究进展

microRNA是一类长度为19～25个核苷酸的内源性非编码小分子RNA，通过抑制靶基因的表达参与包括细胞增殖、分化、凋亡、炎症调节、干细胞发育等几乎所有重要的生物学过程，许多microRNA在肿瘤细胞中异常表达，提示可能与肿瘤的发生发展有关。急性淋巴细胞性白血病（ALL）是最常见的儿童肿瘤，临床表现、形态学、免疫表型及遗传学特征极具异质性。现已发现若干microRNA在ALL 中异常表达，且与其生物学特性以及临床特征、预后和治疗相关。对microRNA的了解有助于帮助人们更深入地认识ALL 的发病机理，有助于在寻找合适的诊断、判定预后的分子标志物以及潜在的治疗靶点方面取得新突破。 

Research progress on the relationship between microRNA and acute lymphoblastic leukemia

MicroRNA is a type of endogenous noncoding small molecular RNA with a length of 19-25nucleotides. MicroRNAs are involved in almost all key biological processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and hematopoiesis, via repres -sion of target gene expression. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of pediatric cancer. It is a heterogeneous disease with different clinical signs, morphology, immunophenotype, and cytogenetics. Currently, several microRNAs have implicated aberrant expression in ALL and play an important role in cancer initiation and development. MicroRNA expression pattern is associated with clinical feature, prognosis, and treatment. Therefore, microRNAs could act as a novel marker to help scientists learn about the pathogenesis of ALL and to provide more effective treatment options.