肾移植术后尿瘘定位诊断及治疗策略14年回顾性病例数据分析

背景:肾移植后尿瘘发生率各中心报道不同,而且没有标准的分类标准和治疗规范.目的:回顾性分析肾移植术后不同部位尿瘘的发病特点、病因及治疗效果,以探讨治疗尿瘘的最佳方案.方法:选择确诊的68例肾移植术后尿瘘患者.男42例,女26例,年龄21～57岁.尿瘘发生时间术后1～17d.根据尿瘘的部位将68例患者分为吻合口瘘及输尿管瘘.尿瘘部位根据膀胱造影、磁共振水成像及经手术探查结果确定.尿瘘诊断后先行保守治疗,即立即放置负压引流管引流伤口渗液,逆行插入双J导管及留置尿管.无效时立即手术修补尿瘘,68例患者中45例行外科手术治疗.观察尿瘘的发生部位、时间、治疗情况及复发后治疗结果.结果与结论:吻合口瘘20例(29.4%),输尿管瘘48例(70.6%),平均发病时间分别为(5.1±2.5),(8.8±5.5)d(P<0.05).吻合口瘘15例(75.0%)保守治疗成功,5例(25.0%)手术治疗,其中4例治愈无复发,1例因急性排斥反应切除移植肾;输尿管瘘中8例(16.7%)保守治疗成功,40例(83.3%)手术治疗,其中35例治愈(包括6例复发再次手术),3例移植肾切除(2例修补失败,1例急性排斥反应),2例因肺部感染死亡,吻合口瘘的保守治疗成功率较输尿管瘘高(P<0.01).肾移植术后尿瘘的定位诊断对选择治疗方法有重要意义.吻合口瘘发生时间相对较早,漏尿量大.对于吻合口瘘可首选保守治疗,无效时再考虑手术治疗,而对于吻合口以上的输尿管瘘应尽早开放手术治疗.

Localization,diagnosis and treatment strategy of urinary fistulae following kidney transplantation:A retrospective study of 14-year experience

BACKGROUND:The urinary fistula rates following kidney transplantation are varying in each center,which lack of unified classification criteria and treatment standard.OBJECTIVE:To explore optimal treatments for urinary fistula following kidney transplantation by retrospective analyzing the characteristics,etiological factors and therapeutic efficacy of urinary fistula.METHODS:Totally 68 patients with urinary fistula were collected,including 42 males and 26 females,aged 21-57 years.The urinary fistula occurre...