2006年西洞庭湖血吸虫病流行区重点疫情监测分析

目的调查洞庭湖洲垸型血吸虫病流行动态特点，为评价和制定该类型地区血吸虫病防治策略提供科学依据。方法采用间接血凝法（IHA）筛查观察村人群，对其中阳性者再作kato-katz法-粪三片检查。耕牛查病采用顶管孵化法。统计分析人、畜血吸虫病感染率和急性与晚期血吸虫病的发病情况，并以机械抽样和环境抽样法查明钉螺分布、钉螺密度与感染等情况。结果观察村应检居民910人，IHA受检898人，阳性者90人，阳性率为10．02％；粪检88人，阳性42人，居民血吸虫病感染率为4．78％。男性居民感染率显著高于女性（P〈0．05）。渔民感染率达32．15％，农民为8．2％，其它职业感染率较低。全村5头耕牛查出阳性牛2头。本年未发生急性感染病人，现有晚血病例3人。活螺密度0．53只／0．11m^2，感染螺平均密度为0．0058只／0．11m^2。结论采取以化疗为主消除传染源的防治对策，观察村居民血吸虫病感染率由上世纪80年代中期的25．40％逐步降至本年度的4．78％，说明以化疗为主消除传染源的防治对策可使洞庭湖洲垸型血吸虫病流行区的疫情控制在较低水平。

Epidemiological Surveillance and Analysis On Schistosomiasis in Endemic Areas of West Dongting Lake in 2006

Objective To investigate epidemic tendency of schistosomiasis in the endemic areas of dam-circle marsh type of Dongting Lake,and to provide a scientific basis for evaluating and formulating control strategies.Methods Residents in the pilot village were examined by indirect hemagglutination assay(IHA)first,then IHA positive cases were determined by Kato-Katz method with three slides per specimen.Cattle were examined by top-tube-hatching test.Schistosomiasis infection rates of human and cattle were statistically analyzed;and acute cases and advanced cases of schistosomiasis japonica were determined and interviewed with a standardized questionnaire.Snail distribution,snail density and infection rate were surveyed by methods of mechanical sampling and environmental sampling.Results Totally 910 residents were in need of examination in the pilot village.90 examinees were IHA positive,with the positive rate of 10.02%(90/898).In eighty-eight IHA positive cases,schitosome eggs were found in 42 cases.Schistosomiasis infection rate was 4.78% in the residents.The infection rate of males was significantly higher than that of females(P<0.05).The infection rate of fishermen was 32.15%,followed by 8.2% in farmers,and the infection rates of other occupations were lower.There were 5 cattle in the pilot village and 2 cattle were positive.There were 3 advanced cases and no acute infection occurred in 2006.The density of living snail was 0.53/0.112,and the average density of infected snail was 0.0058/0.112.Conclusions The resident infection rates of schistosomiasis were gradually decreased by 4.78% in 2006 from 25.40% in the middle 1980's.The results suggest that adopting chemotheratpy as the main control strategy for elimilating infection sources could control the schistosomiasis prevalence to a lower level in the endemic area of dam-circle marsh type in Dongting Lake region.