白及属药用植物的资源分布及繁育

白及属药源植物丰富,该属植物兼具多种用途,且已极度濒危。通过对白及属药用植物的来源进行梳理,并对其药材常见混伪品进行比较鉴别,详细描述了该属植物不同空间尺度上的自然生境,收集整理其地理分布信息,探讨进行人工栽培适宜的土壤、气候及地理条件。重点对白及属植物的人工繁育技术进行系统总结和展望,基于白及属繁育系统特征及繁殖特性,认为种子无菌萌发是较为适宜的繁育手段,而新一代种子直播萌发技术的出现和栽培关键技术的突破,将大大提高白及属植物的繁育效率,从而转变资源供给方式。制定更具针对性的保护策略,加快人工繁育关键技术研究,以及加强资源和繁育的基础研究,将有助于提高保护和利用效率,对于白及属药用资源的可持续利用具有重要意义。

Resource distribution and breeding of medicinal plants in genus Bletilla Reichb. f.

The plants in genus Bletilla Reichb. f. possess multiple medical uses in traditional Chinese medicine. However, most wild plants of this genus are critically endangered. In this paper, we searched and combed the origins of these medicinal plants, compared and identified the common adulterants. To explore the suitable soil, climate, and geographical conditions for the artificial cultivation of Bletilla Reichb. f. plants, we investigated and described the natural habitats in different spatial scales, collected and sorted out the information of geographical distribution for the wild plants. We also systematically summarized and prospected the technology of artificial breeding for genus Bletilla Reichb. f.. Based on the characteristics of the reproductive system and breeding features for Bletilla Reichb. f., the seed aseptic germination is considered to be the most appropriate breeding method. Therefore, the development of a new-generation technology for direct seeding germination and the breakthrough of the key cultivation technology will greatly improve the reproductive efficiency of Bletilla Reichb. f., resulting to change the mode of plant-resource supply. The formulation of more specific protective measures together with the acceleration of the research on artificial reproduction technology and the enhancement of the basic research on the resources and reproduction, will facilitate to improve the efficiency of the protection and utilization for the Bletilla Reichb. f. plants, which shows the essential significance for sustainable utilization of medicinal resources of Bletilla Reichb. f..