湖北省咸宁市2013－2017年流感监测结果分析

目的 对咸宁市流感样病例(influenza-like illness,ILI)标本进行病原学检测,分析流感流行趋势及病原学特点,为流感的防控提供科学依据。 方法 通过国家流感监测系统,收集2013－2017年度咸宁市中心医院流感样病例监测数据,采集流感样咽拭子标本,采用实时荧光定量PCR检测流感病毒核酸。 结果 2013－2017年共检测5 259份ILI标本,流感病毒核酸阳性595份,阳性率为11.31%;阳性率逐年攀升(χ²=102.733,P=0.000),2017年最高,达到17.88%;流感高发季以冬春季为主,间隔出现夏季高峰;流行型别主要是新甲型H1流感病毒、季节性H3流感病毒和B型流感病毒,2013年以新甲型H1为主,2016年以B型为主,2014-2015年和2017年以季节性H3为主;男女流感病毒阳性率差异无统计学意义;5～岁组阳性率最高,不同年龄组流感病毒核酸阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ²=61.624,P=0.000)。 结论 咸宁市在2013－2017年中流感以冬春季和夏季流行为主,流感病毒核酸阳性率呈现出逐年攀升的态势,新甲型H1、季节性H3、B型三种优势毒株交替出现,5～岁组儿童为发病高危人群。

Surveillance results of influenza in Xianning City,Hubei Province, 2013-2017

Objective To carry out pathogen detection of influenza-like illness (ILI) cases in Xianning City, to analyze the epidemic trends and pathogenic characteristics of influenza, and to provide a scientific basis for influenza prevention and control. Methods The monitoring data concerning ILI cases in Xianning Central Hospital during 2013-2017 were collected from the National Influenza Network Surveillance System. Influenza-like throat swab specimens were collected, and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect nucleic acids of influenza viruses. Results A total of 5,259 ILI specimens were detected during 2013-2017, and the positive rate of nucleic acids of influenza viruses was 11.31% (595/5,259). The positive rate increased year by year(χ²=102.733, P=0.000), reaching the highest in 2017 (17.88%). The peak timing of incidence of influenza was mainly in winter and spring, but the summer peak appeared at intervals. New influenza A subtype H1 virus, seasonal influenza A subtype H3 virus and influenza B virus were the prevalent types. New influenza A subtype H1 virus was predominant in 2013, influenza B virus in 2016, and seasonal influenza A subtype H3 virus in 2014-2015 and 2017. No statistically significant difference was found in the positive rate of influenza virus between males and females. The positive rate of nucleic acids of influenza viruses was found to be the highest in the age group of 5- years, and there were statistically significant differences in the positive rate of nucleic acids of influenza viruses among different age groups (χ²=61.624, P=0.000). Conclusions Influenza epidemics in Xianning City in 2013-2017 occurred mainly in winter, spring and summer. The positive rate of nucleic acids of influenza viruses showed an upward trend year by year. Three dominant strains, new influenza A subtype H1 virus, seasonal influenza A subtype H3 virus and influenza B virus, appeared alternately. Children in the age group of 5- years were the high-risk population of influenza.