北京市延庆区2017年中小学生伤害现况及影响因素分析

目的 掌握2017年北京市延庆区中小学生伤害流行状况及影响因素。 方法 采用分层整群抽样的方法,抽取中小学生进行伤害发生及相关危险行为调查,运用χ²检验分析伤害发生现况,建立多因素logistic回归模型,分析影响因素。 结果 共收回有效问卷1 390份,学生伤害发生率为16.62%。初中生(22.67%)高于小学生、高中生(20.00%、8.89%);伤害发生类型以“跌倒/跌落”为主、发生地点以“家中”为主、发生部位以“下肢”为主;“住校”(OR=1.87, 95%CI:1.04~3.37)、“过马路不走人行横道”(OR=1.80, 95%CI:1.10~3.27)是伤害发生的危险因素;“骑车不听音乐”(OR=0.57,95%CI:0.40~0.81)、“兄弟姐妹同住”(OR=0.49,95%CI:0.17~0.99)、“父亲文化程度高中及以上”(OR=0.60, 95%CI:0.40~0.89)是伤害发生的保护因素。 结论 2017年辖区中小学生伤害发生率高于北京市水平,需家庭、学校、社会从重点防护的伤害类型、伤害的影响因素等多角度进行干预,保护中小学生健康。

Current situation of injury and its influencing factors among pupils and middle school students in Yanqing district,Beijing, 2017

Objective To investigate the status and influencing factor of injury epidemic among primary and middle school students in Yanqing district, Beijing in 2017. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select primary and secondary school students, and then injuryoccurrence and related dangerous behavior were investigated. χ² test was employed to analyze the current situation of injury occurrence. Multivariable logistic regression model was established to analyze the influencing factors. Results A total of 1,390 valid questionnaires were retrieved. The incidence rate of injury in the students was 16.62%, and the rate was higher in junior middle school students (22.67%) than in pupils (20.00%) and high school students (8.89%). The main type of injury was fall, the main place of injury occurrence was at home, and the main region of injury was lower limb. Boarding at school (OR=1.87, 95%CI:1.04-3.37) and crossing the street without using a crosswalk (OR=1.80, 95%CI:1.10-3.27) were risk factors for occurrence of injury, while riding a bicycle without listening to music (OR=0.57, 95%CI:0.40-0.81), living with brothers and sisters (OR=0.49, 95%CI:0.17-0.99) and fathers with an educational background of high school and above (OR=0.60, 95%CI:0.40-0.89) were protective factors for occurrence of injury. Conclusions The incidence rate of injury in the primary and secondary school students in Yanqing district in 2017 was higher than that in Beijing. It is necessary to conduct interventions from multiple perspectives like the type of injury which should be paid special attention in the prevention and the factors influencing injury based on families, schools and society so as to protect the health of primary and middle school students.