2017年深圳市大气PM2.5污染状况及其来源解析研究

目的 探讨深圳市大气PM_2.5污染状况及其污染来源,为防治空气污染和保护人群健康提供参考依据。 方法 于2017年1－12月每月10－16日分别在深圳市南山区和龙岗区各设置一个监测点采集大气PM_2.5样品,分析样品PM_2.5质量浓度及PM_2.5中多环芳烃、重金属和水溶性离子含量,采用因子分析法对PM_2.5污染来源进行分析。 结果 研究期间南山区和龙岗区PM_2.5质量浓度中位数分别为0.041 mg/m³、0.039 mg/m³(Z=-0141,P=0.888),超标率分别为8.333%、7.143%(χ²=5.063,P=0.018)。因子分析法源解析发现:多环芳烃污染源为汽车尾气(南山区和龙岗区贡献率分别为49.986%、54.226%)、燃煤(南山区和龙岗区贡献率分别为16.936%、19.669%)和工业原料(南山区和龙岗区贡献率分别为9.270%、8.353%);水溶性离子污染源为汽车尾气、工业污染(贡献率为58.694%)和燃煤(贡献率为27.751%);重金属元素污染源为汽车尾气、工业冶金(南山区和龙岗区贡献率分别为55.993%、62.004%)和建筑尘(南山区和龙岗区贡献率分别为21.875%、11.051%)。 结论 2017年深圳市大气PM_2.5污染较轻,其主要来源于汽车尾气、工业、燃煤尘的复合污染。

Pollution status and source apportionment ofatmospheric particulates (PM2.5) in Shenzhen city

Objective To explore the pollution status and source apportionment of PM_2.5 in Shenzhen city, and to provide a basis for air pollution abatement and health protection. Methods PM_2.5 samples of two monitoring sites in Nanshan district and Longgang district, Shenzhen city were collected on 10th-16th of every month from January to December 2017. PM_2.5 concentration and the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heavy metals and water-soluble ions in PM_2.5 were measured, and the data were processed by factor analysis for the purpose of PM_2.5 source identification. Results The median concentration of PM_2.5 in Nanshan district and Longgang district was respectively 0.041 mg/m³ and 0.039 mg/m³ (Z=-0141, P=0.888), and the over-standard rates were respectively 8.333% and 7.143% (χ²=5.063, P=0.018 ). Source apportionment results derived from factor analysis showed that PAHs pollution sources were automobile exhaust (the contribution rates of Nanshan district and Longgang district were respectively 49.986% and 54.226%), coal combustion (the contribution rates of Nanshan district and Longgang district were respectively 16.936% and 19.669%) and industrial raw materials (the contribution rates of Nanshan district and Longgang district were respectively 9.270% and 8.353%). Water-soluble ion pollution sources were automobile exhaust, industrial pollution (the contribution rate was 58.694%) and coal combustion (the contribution rate was 27.751%). Heavy metal pollution sources were automobile exhaust, industrial metallurgy (the contribution rates of Nanshan district and Longgang district were respectively 55.993% and 62.004%) and construction dust (the contribution rates of Nanshan district and Longgang district were respectively 21.875% and 11.051%). Conclusions PM_2.5 pollution in Shenzhen city in 2017 was relatively light, and it was primarily derived from combined sources from automobile exhaust, industrial dusts and coal combustion.