首发缺血性脑卒中患者感知复发风险现况及影响因素研究

目的 调查首发缺血性脑卒中患者感知复发风险现况，并分析其影响因素。方法 基于三元影响理论，采用便利抽样法，于2021年12月—2022年4月选取在陕西省西安市和咸阳市2所三级甲等综合医院神经内科门诊复查的236例首发缺血性脑卒中患者为调查对象。采用一般资料问卷、脑卒中患者复发风险感知评估量表、脑卒中患者健康素养量表、患者沟通模式量表、卒中环境量表进行问卷调查。结果 236例首发缺血性脑卒中患者复发风险感知评估量表得分为（31.89±7.66）分。多元线性回归分析结果 表明，文化程度、确诊时间、缺血性脑卒中复发危险因素数量、缺血性脑卒中家族史、健康素养、医（护）患沟通模式、环境体验是首发缺血性脑卒中患者感知复发风险的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论 首发缺血性脑卒中患者感知复发风险能力处于中等偏下水平，可针对不同特征患者进行个体化干预，促进患者感知复发风险能力的提升和预防行为的形成。

Analysis of status and influencing factors of recurrence risk perception in first-episode ischemic stroke patients

Objective To investigate the status of recurrence risk perception in first-episode ischemic stroke patients，and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods Based on the theory of triadic influence，a convenience sampling method was used to select 236 patients with first-episode ischemic stroke who were reexamined in neurology outpatient clinics of 2 tertiary general hospitals in Xi’an and Xianyang，Shaanxi Province from December 2021 to April 2022 as the research subjects. General Information Questionnaire，Recurrence Risk Perception Scale for Patients with Stroke，Health Literacy Scale for Stroke Patients，Patient Communication Pattern Scale and Measure of Stroke Environment were used to investigate the patients. Results The total score of Recurrence Risk Perception Scale for Patients with Stroke in 236 patients with first-episode ischemic stroke was（31.89±7.66） points. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that educational level，time of diagnosis，number of risk factors for ischemic stroke recurrence，family history of ischemic stroke，health literacy，doctor（nurse）-patient communication pattern，and environmental experience were the influencing factors of recurrence risk perception in first-episode ischemic stroke patients（P<0.05）. Conclusion The ability to perceive recurrence risk in first-episode ischemic stroke patients is at a moderately low level. Individualized interventions can be carried out for patients with different characteristics to promote the patients’ ability to perceive recurrence risk and the formation of preventive behaviors.