2012－2017年陕西汉中市结核病实验室痰涂片镜检数据分析

目的 了解汉中市2012－2017年肺结核抗酸杆菌痰涂片结果及变化情况,分析涂阳肺结核患者特征。 方法 从中国结核病管理信息系统、结核病实验室登记本中收集整理痰涂片镜检数据,并对6年来肺结核患者痰涂片镜检结果进行数据分析。 结果 6年来痰涂片阳性率从6.48%下降到4.42%,各年发病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),各县区痰涂片阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),各年龄组间涂阳结核病患者阳性差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),涂阳肺结核患者男女构成比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);45~54岁年龄组患者数最多,占涂阳肺结核患者的19.60％,其次为55~64岁年龄组,占17.04％;男性肺结核患者数多于女性,男、女患者比平均为2.82:1。 结论 汉中市2012－2017年结核病疫情呈下降趋势,男性与中老年肺结核患者是防控的重点人群。

Results of sputum smear microscopy in tuberculosis laboratories in Hanzhong City,Shaanxi, 2012-2017

Objective To explore the results and changes of tuberculosis acid-fast bacilli sputum smear microscopy in Hanzhong City from 2012 to 2017, and to analyze the characteristics of smear-positive tuberculosis (TB) patients. Methods Data of sputum smear microscopy were collected from Chinese TB Management Information System and TB laboratory registration books. And sputum smear microscopy results in 2012-2017 were analyzed. Results During the 6-year period from 2012 to 2017, the smear-positive detection rates were declined from 6.48% to 4.42%. There were statistically significant differences in the incidence rates in different years (P<0.05), in the sputum smear-positive rates in different counties/districts (P<0.05), in the detection rates of smear-positive TB patients among different age groups (P<0.01) and in the male-to-female ratio among smear-positive TB patients (P<0.01). The age group of 45-54 years had the maximum number of smear-positive TB patients, accounting for 19.60%, followed by the age group of 55-64 years, accounting for 17.04%. Male TB patients were more than female ones, with the male-to-female patient ratio of 2.82:1. Conclusions The TB epidemics in Hanzhong City in 2012-2017 presented a downward trend. Males, the middle-aged and the elderly were the key populations for TB prevention and control.